语言学：语言与交际导论

Acknowledgments

NotetotheTeacher

PARTI

THESTRUCTUREOFHUMANLANGUAGE

INTRODUCTl0N3

Chapter1

WhatIsLinguistics?5

Chapter2

Morphology：TheStudyoftheStructureofWords11

2.1Words：SomeBackgroundConcepts11

2.2ComplexWordsandMorphemes16

2.3Neologisms：HowAreNewWordsCreated?23

2.4InflectionalversusDerivationalMorphology42

2.5ProblematicAspectsofMorphologicalAnalysis46

2.6SpecialTopics49

TheMeaningofComplexWords49

MoreonCompounds50

MorphologicalAnaphora53

ClassesofDerivationalAffixes54

Chapter3

PhoneticsandPhonemicTranscription65

3.1SomeBackgroundConcepts65

3.2TheRepresentationofSpeechSounds71

3.3SpecialTopics97

Vowelsbefore/a/97

ContractionsinCasualSpokenEnglish100

ConsonantClusters101

Chapter4

Phonology：TheStudyofSoundStructure109

4.1WhatIsPhonology?109

4.2TheInternalStructureofSpeechSounds：DistinctiveFeatureTheory110

4.3TheExternalOrganizationofSpeechSounds126

4.4SpecialTopic140

TheWord?LevelToneContourofEnglish140

Chapter5

Syntax：TheStudyofSentenceStructure149

5.1SomeBackgroundConcepts149

5.2AnInformalTheoryofSyntax156

5.3AMoreFormalAccountofSyntacticTheory197

5.4SpecialTopics211

Wh-Questions211

SentenceStructureandAnaphora213

X-BarTheory215

Chapter6

Semantics：TheStudyofLinguisticMeaning227

6.1SemanticsasPartofaGrammar227

6.2TheoriesofMeaning228

6.3TheScopeofaSemanticTheory237

6.4SpecialTopics248

MoodandMeaning249

SingularandGeneral253

DeicticsandProperNames255

DefiniteDescriptions：ReferentialandAttributive258

NaturalKindTerms，Concepts，andtheDivisionofLinguisticLabor261

AnaphoraandCoreference261

Chapter7

LanguageVariation275

7.1LanguageStylesandLanguageDialects275

7.2SomeRulesoftheGrammarofInformalStyleinEnglish288

7.3OtherLanguageVarieties295

Chapter8

LanguageChange315

8.1SomeBackgroundConcepts315

8.2TheReconstructionofIndo-European，theNatureofLanguageChange，andLanguageFamiliesoftheWorld319

8.3TheLinguisticHistoryofEnglish339

PARTⅡ

COMMUNICATIONANDCOGNTIVESClieNCE355

INTRODUCrION357

Chapter9

Pragmatics：TheStudyofLanguageUseandCommunication361

9.1SomeBackgroundConcepts361

9.2TheMessageModelofLinguisticCommunication363

9.3TheInferentialModelofLinguisticCommunication370

9.4DiscourseandConversation387

9.5SpecialTopics391

Performatives391

SpeechActs394

Meaning，Saying，andImplicating397

PragmaticPresupposition400

SpeakerReference403

Chapter10

PsychologyofLanguage：SpeechProductionandComprehension417

10.1Psycholinguistics：Competence，Performance，andAcquisition417

10.2SpeechProduction418

10.3LanguageComprehension425

10.4SpecialTopics454

TheMCGurkEnect454

Open-andClosed-ClassItems455

ThePsychologicalRealityofEmptyCategories458

ConnectionistModelsofLexicalAccessandLetterRecognition460

Chapter11

LanguageAcquisitioninChildren477

11.1SomeBackgroundConcepts477

11.2IsTherea“LanguageAcquisitionDevice”?490

11.3IstheHumanLinguisticCapacityUnique?ChildrenandPrimates

Compared506

11.4SpecialTopic516

PrinciplesandParameters516

Chapter12

LanguageandtheBrain527

12.1WhereIsLanguageLocalizedintheBrain?528

12.2HowDoestheBrainEncodeandDecodeSpeechandLanguage?535

12.3AretheComponentsofLanguageNeuroanatomicallyDistinct?542

12.4SpecialTopics546

PETandMRIImaging546

Event.RelatedPotentials550

JapaneseOrthographyandGraphicAphasia554

Appendix

TheWrittenRepresentationofLanguage561

Glossary571

Index591

　　《语言学：语言与交际导论》一书由已故著名语言学家AdrianAkmajian与其他几位学者合作撰写。Akmajian在一生中与其合作者曾出版了数部颇有影响的语言学导论方面的著作，包括他与F.W.Heny合著的在1975年由麻省理工学院出版社出版的《转换句法学原理导论》。外研社此次引进的是这本书的第5版，与第4版相比，第5版在内容上进行了更新，在结构上也有了一些变化，还增加了一些小节。全书分两大部分，共12章。第一部分论述人类语言的结构；第二部分论述交际与认知科学。　　本书是美国亚利桑那大学语言学教授阿克马吉安及其同事撰写的经典语言学著作，自1979年首次出版以来，畅销不衰。本版本是经过全新修订的第5版。作为一本入门教程，《语言学》对语言学研究的基本概念、主要理论和前沿课题、最新方法作了系统、简明、精确的阐释和介绍，内容涵盖形态学、音系学、语音学、语义学等传统领域以及语用学、语言心理学等涉及交际与认知科学的新兴分支。全书语言简洁易懂，例证、插图丰富多样，是广大语言学初学者的理想读本。