汉语话语言谈标志的理论及个例研究

General IntroductionTranscription and Glossing ConventionsAbstract中文摘要Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 A Short History of Discourse Analysis 1.2 A Short History of Text Analysis in China 1.3 The Studies of the Discourse Markers (DMs) 1.3.1 What areDMs 1.3.2 Scholars' Views of DMs 1.4 Single Discourse Marker Studies 1.5 Chinese DMs Studies 1.6 ConclusionChapter 2 Discourse Markers in Amoy Chinese 2.1 Amoy Chinese

General IntroductionTranscription and Glossing ConventionsAbstract中文摘要Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 A Short History of Discourse Analysis 1.2 A Short History of Text Analysis in China 1.3 The Studies of the Discourse Markers (DMs) 1.3.1 What areDMs 1.3.2 Scholars' Views of DMs 1.4 Single Discourse Marker Studies 1.5 Chinese DMs Studies 1.6 ConclusionChapter 2 Discourse Markers in Amoy Chinese 2.1 Amoy Chinese 2.I.I DMs in the Turn-initial Position 2.I.2 DMs in the Turn-final Position 2.2 Some Intonation Features of DMs in Amoy Chinese 2.3 Influence of Topic on the Occurrence of h 2.3.1 Discourse Topic 2.3.2 Discourse Topic and the Use of DMs 2.3.3 Classification of Topic and hS' s Correlation 2.4 h and Social Variables 2.4.1 Sensitive to Conversational Contexts 2.4.2 Sensitive to Degree of Intimacy 2.4.3 Co-occurrence with Other Intimacy Markers 2.5 Discourse Structures and the Occurrence of h 2.5.1 A Classification of Discourse Structures 2.5.2 h Connects Discourse Structures to the Topic 2.6 Speech Acts and the Occurrence of h 2.7 Speaker Subjective Certainty and the Occurrence of h 2.8 Dependent Nature of h 2.9 Relevant Knowledge and the Occurrence of h 2.10 The Relationship between h, Entropy and Redundancy 2.10.1 Entropy and Redundancy 2.10.2 DMs as Stabilizing Devices 2.10.3 h's Use in Stabilizing Conversation 2.11 ConclusionChapter 3 Prosodic Features Associated with h 3.1 Relationship between Prosodic Features and Affective Meaning 3.2 Basic Prosodic Features of DMs in Chinese 3.3 The Difference between Tonic Patterns of DMs and Lexical Tones 3.3.1 Different Distributions and Different Functions 3.3.2 Inconsistent Relations DMs of Intonation among the Dialects 3.3.3 The Inconsistent Correspondence in One Language 3.3.4 The Features of Tonic Patterns of Chinese Auxiliary Words 3.3.5 A Consistent Regular Tonic Patterns of DMs in Chinese Languages 3.3.6 The Foregrounding Function of DMs 3.3.7 Semantic Variation of DMs' Tonic Patterns 3.3.8 The Hierarchical System of Tonic Patterns of DMs 3.4 Tonic Patterns of DMs Associated with Speech Acts 3.5 Varied Tonic Patterns of DM h 3.5.1 Falling Intonation of h 3.5.2 Rising Intonation of b5 3.5.3 High Level Intonation of h 3.5.4 Long and Short Length Intonation of 3.6 Phonological Comparison between Initial and Final h 3.6.1 Two Different Distributions and Their Implications 3.6.2 A Distribution Hypothesis of DMs 3.7 The Pause after DM h 3.7.1 The Length of Pause in Two Positions 3.7.2 "Intensified Orientation" of the Pause 3.8 h and Previous Emphasized Syllables ……Chapter 4 h and Information ManagementChapter 5 h in the Turn-taking SystemChapter 6 h and CoherenceChapter 7 h and Interpersonl Relationships Reflecting Amoy Chinese CultureChapter 8 ConclusionBibliography

本书研究的是在话语分析中甚至是传统语言研究中经常被忽略的一类成分，即言谈标志。一部分言谈标志在传统的结构主义语法中被称为语气词。但是并不是所有的言谈标志是语气词。比如说“你知道吗”、“对不对”是汉语话语分析中的言谈标志，但它们却不是传统意义上的语气词。 汉语的话语分析研究使得汉语研究从传统的词及句子分析走向段落及篇章分析。从传统的句子成分分析法或古典的结构主义语法分析中走出来。对语言使用者的言语能力进行了系统的分析与归纳。传统的汉语语法深受英语影响，实际上是英语语法的翻版。全盘照搬英语语法来研究汉语在很大程度上忽视了汉语本身的特点。学科的划分是人为的，可是科学现象并不是依人们所划分的学科而存在的，因此，用多学科研究方法来研究汉语是势在必然。本书用话语分析方法对汉语的言谈标志进行了比较详细的分析，尤其对一个汉语标志从多学科角度进行了分析。研究时采用了了语用学、社会学、心理学、人类学、文化学、信息论以及控制论等学科的研究方法，将语言交际过程与信息系统中的信息交流过程相提并论，将语言研究置身于一个较为开阔的视野内。本书可为从事语言以及对外汉语教学的同人和爱好者提供参考，让他们能够从言语交际的角度观察言语能力是以什么样的方式表现出来。作者认为，本书能从另一角度为语言教材的编写、教学方法的更新以及教师的培养提供一种参照体系。 本书共分为八章。分别为：第一章，西方话语分析以及汉语话语分析的文献及评析；第二章，汉语中言谈标志定义以及言谈标志的确定；第三章，汉语言谈标志的语音特征及其分布；第四章，汉语言谈标志与认知系统的关系；第五章，汉语言谈标志在言语交流中的位置及作用；第六章，汉语言谈标志在话轮、语段、篇章以及交际互动中的作用；第七章，汉语言谈标志与文化人群的关系；第八章，结论，汉语言谈标志的理论模式也同时在本章中归纳出来。本书视角新颖、论述充分，大量运用了国外多学科的研究成果，相信对读者会有一定的启发。