转基因生物安全与管理

Introduction 1

ChApter 1 MoleculAr BAsis of Genetic Engineering 18

1.1 The concept And structure of gene 18

1.2 DNA replicAtion 20

1.3 DNA trAnscription And its regulAtion 23

1.4 Post-trAnscription processing And regulAtion of RNA 24

1.5 Protein expression And its regulAtion 28

1.6 Restriction endonucleAse 30

ChApter 2 Principles And ApplicAtions of Genetic Engineering 32

2.1 ImportAnt events in the history of the development of recombinAtion DNA 32

2.2 IsolAtion of tArget genes 34

2.3 RecombinAnt 35

2.4 Vectors for genetic engineering 37

2.5 PlAnt trAnsformAtion methods 39

2.6 Methods of developing trAnsgenic AnimAls 42

2.7 GenerAl process of GMO reseArch And development 44

ChApter 3 Development of TrAnsgenic Biotechnology 45

3.1 Development of trAnsgenic plAnts 45

3.2 Studies of trAnsgenic AnimAls 49

3.3 The reseArches on geneticAlly modi. ed microbes 63

3.4 Genetic engineering vAccine 70

ChApter 4 PotentiAl HeAlth Risks from GeneticAlly Modi. ed OrgAnisms 76

4.1 CommerciAl production stAtus of geneticAlly modi. ed food 77

4.2 The exposure of DNA 79

4.3 PotentiAl risks of GM food to heAlth 82

4.4 The scheme of risk Assessment of geneticAlly modi. ed food 87

ChApter 5 The PotentiAl EcologicAl Risk of GeneticAlly Modi. ed OrgAnisms 90

5.1 ImpAct of GMOs on the ecologicAl environment 90

5.2 HorizontAl gene .ow – biosAfety concern for recombinAnt DNA 95

5.3 VerticAl gene .ow - theoreticAl foundAtion of Alien gene escApe 98

ChApter 6 Risk Assessment of GMO: Methods And CAses 110

6.1 Principle And methods of geneticAlly modi.ed orgAnisms risk Assessment 110

6.2 Risk Assessment of the geneticAlly modi. ed crops 113

6.3 Risk Assessment of the geneticAlly modi.ed food crops 121

6.4 Risk Assessment of the geneticAlly modi. ed forests 126

6.5 Risk Assessment of the geneticAlly modi. ed microorgAnism 128

ChApter 7 Risk MAnAgement for GMOs 129

7.1 The de.nition, goAls And requirements of risk mAnAgement 129

7.2 The theoretic foundAtion on GMOs risk mAnAgement—Scienti. c UncertAinty 130

7.3 Principle of risk mAnAgement——PrecAutionAry principle 133

7.4 PrActice of GMOs mAnAgement——tAke EU As An exAmple 139

ChApter 8 Detection And Monitoring of TrAnsgenes 143

8.1 The signi.cAnce And necessity of detection And monitoring of trAnsgenes 143

8.2 Detective methods of trAnsgenes 144

8.3 Immunology AnAlysis of the proteins in GMOs 153

8.4 The detection method of trAnsgenic microorgAnisms 155

8.5 The uniform stAndArds of the GMO detection experiment 156

8.6 Environment monitoring of GMOs 158

ChApter 9 BiosAfety InternAtionAl LAw: CArtAgenA Protocol on BiosAfety 165

9.1 The bAckground of the Protocol 166

9.2 The bAsic principles of biosAfety protocol 169

9.3 MAin contents of biosAfety protocol 173

9.4 The negotiAtion progress After BiosAfety Protocol 181

ChApter 10 BiosAfety LegislAtions in Some Countries 192

10.1 BiosAfety legislAtion in EuropeAn Union 192

10.2 BiosAfety legislAtion in the United StAtes 198

10.3 BiosAfety legislAtion in JApAn 201

10.4 BiosAfety legislAtion in IndiA 206

10.5 BiosAfety legislAtion in BrAzil 211

10.6 BiosAfety legislAtion in AustrAliA 214

ChApter 11 FrAmework of ChinA’s BiosAfety Policies, RegulAtions And System 217

11.1 Policy frAmework of biosAfety in ChinA 217

11.2 Current lAws And regulAtions on GMO biosAfety in ChinA 224

11.3 MAnAgement system And implementAtion procedures of GMOs 244

ChApter 12 TrAnsboundAry Movements And LAbeling of Living Modi.ed OrgAnisms (LMOs) 254

12.1 MAin contents of trAnsboundAry movements of LMOs 255

12.2 NegotiAtion process of trAnsboundAry movements of LMOs in the Protocol 257

12.3 LAbeling requirements of LMOs And internAtionAl tendency 264

12.4 LAbeling of GMO in ChinA 271

ChApter 13 DAmAge LiAbility And Redress in BiosAfety LAw 279

13.1 Principles And mechAnisms of internAtionAl environmentAl dAmAges legislAtion 279

13.2 InternAtionAl negotiAtions on biosAfety dAmAge liAbility And redress 281

13.3 Proposed principles of internAtionAl biosAfety dAmAges legislAtion 286

13.4 Proposed mechAnisms in internAtionAl biosAfety dAmAges legislAtion 288

13.5 BiosAfety dAmAges legislAtion of some countries And regions 291

13.6 ChinA’s legislAtion on biosAfety dAmAges And its impActs 293

ChApter 14 Socio-Economic ImpActs of GMOs 298

14.1 Attention by the internAtionAl society to the socio-economic impActs of GM crops 298

14.2 Types of sociAl—economic impAct of GMOs 304

14.3 RelAtionship between BiosAfety Protocol And TWO 311

14.4 Possible ImpAct of SAfety MAnAgement on the InternAtionAl TrAde 317

ChApter 15 Emergency MAnAgement for BiosAfety 329

15.1 TheoreticAl AnAlysis 329

15.2 InternAtionAl lAw And the mAnAgement of GMOs 331

15.3 NAtionAl lAws 335

15.4 Emergency mAnAgement of GMOs sAfety in ChinA 338

15.5 Improvement of emergency mAnAgement of GMOs sAfety in ChinA 340

ChApter 16 Public EducAtion And PArticipAtion on BiosAfety 346

16.1 Requirements of internAtionAl environmentAl lAws And regulAtions 347

16.2 StAtus quo of public AwAreness on GMO biosAfety 351

16.3 NAtionAl lAws And regulAtions And requirements of public pArticipAtion 362

16.4 BArriers And demAnds of public pArticipAtion of biosAfety in ChinA 365

16.5 EstAblish mechAnism of public pArticipAtion in biosAfety 368

References 374

《转基因生物安全与管理》主要由三部分组成。第一部分介绍了转基因技术的生物学基础，包括基因工程的原理、转基因技术的方法与发展、转基因生物及其产品对环境和健康的潜在风险，以及风险评估和风险管理的方法与内容；第二部分分析了转基因生物安全管理的政策、法规与制度体系，包括国际公约、部分国家的立法与管理经验，以及中国的相关法规制度与管理实践；第三部分阐述了转基因生物及其产品的社会一经济影响，包括转基因产品的标识、对国际贸易的影响、损害赔偿与补救、事故应急管理，以及公众意识与参与等。书中许多内容是基于作者多年从事转基因生物安全的研究工作和参加联合国相关公约国际谈判的经历，因此具有比较明确的观点。
　　《转基因生物安全与管理》可作为高等院校相关专业本科生和研究生学习转基因生物安全课程的教材，也可作为相关管理人员的培训教材和科研人员的参考书目。