半导体物理学

1 Introduction1.1 Timetable1.2 Nobel Prize Winners1.3 General InformationPart Ⅰ Fundamentals2 Bonds2.1 Introduction2.2 Covalent Bonds2.2.1 Electron-Pair Bond2.2.2 sp3 Bonds2.2.3sp2 Bonds2.3 Ionic Bonds2.4 Mixed Bonds2.5 Metallic Bonding2.6 van-der-Waals Bonds2.7 Hamilton Operator of the Solid3 Crystals3.1 Introduction3.2 Crystal Structure3.3 Lattice3.3.1 Unit Cell3.3.2 Point Group3.3.3 Space Group3.3.4 2D Bravais Lattices3.3.5 3D Bravais Lattices3.3.6 Polycrystalline Semiconductors3.3.7Amorphous Semiconductors：3.4 Important Crystal Structures3.4.1 Rocksalt Structure3.4.2 CsC1 Structure3.4.3 Diamond Structure3.4.4 Zincblende Structure3.4.5 Wurtzite Structure3.4.6 Chalcopyrite Structure3.4.7 Fluorite Structure3.4.8 Delafossite Structure3.4.9 Perovskite Structure3.4.1 0NiAs Structure3.4.1 1Further Structures3.5 Polytypism3.6 Reciprocal Lattice3.6.1 Reciprocal Lattice Vectors3.6.2 Miller Indices3.6.3 Brillouin Zone3.7 Alloys3.7.1 Random Alloys3.7.2 Phase Diagram3.7.3 Virtual Crystal Approximation3.7.4 Lattice Parameter3.7.5 Ordering4 Defects4.1 Introduction4.2 Point Defects4.2.1 Point Defect Types4.2.2 Thermodynamics4.2.3 Diffusion4.2.4 Dopant Distribution4.2.5 Large Concentration Effects4.3 Dislocations4.3.1 Dislocation Types4.3.2 Visualization of Dislocations by Etching4.3.3 Impurity Hardening4.4 Extended Defects4.4.1 Micro-cracks4.4.2 Stacking Faults4.4.3 Grain Boundaries4.4.4 Antiphase and Inversion Domains4.5 Disorder5 Mechanical Properties5.1 Introduction ，5.2 Lattice Vibrations5.2.1 Monoatomic Linear Chain5.2.2 Diatomic Linear Chain5.2.3 Lattice Vibrations of a Three-Dimensional Crystal……Part Ⅱ Selected TopicsPart Ⅲ ApplicationsPart Ⅳ Appendices

Semiconductor electronics is commonplace in every household. Semiconductor devices have also enabled economically reasonable fiber-based optical communication， optical storage and high-frequency amplification and have recently revolutionized photography， display technology and lighting. Along with these tremendous technological developments， semiconductors have changed the way we work， communicate， entertain and think. The technological progress of semiconductor materials and devices is evolving continuously with a large worldwide effort in human and monetary capital. For students， semiconductors offer a rich， diverse and exciting field with a great tradition and a bright future.　　This book introduces students to semiconductor physics and semiconductor devices. It brings them to the point where they can specialize and enter supervised laboratory research. It is based on the two semester semiconductor physics course taught at Universitat Leipzig in its Master of Science physics curriculum. Since the book can be followed with little or no pre-existing knowledge in solid-state physics and quantum mechanics， it is also suitable for undergraduate students. For the interested reader some additional topics are included in the book that can be covered in subsequent， more special ized courses. The material is selected to provide a balance between aspects of solid-state and semiconductor physics， the concepts of various semiconductor devices and modern applications in electronics and photonics.