基于语料库的功能英语语法

1 Reflerring to people and things

1.1 Identifying people and things：nouns

1.1.1 Things that can be counted：countable nouns

1.1.2 Things not usually counted：uncountable nouns

1.1.3 Referring to groups：collectiVe nouns

1.1.4 Referring to materials：material nouns

1.1.5 Referring to abstract concepts，states，qualities and events：abstract

1.1.6 Referring to people and things by name：proper nouns

1.1.7 Nouns ending in-s

1.1.8 Sharing the same quality：adjectives as headwords

1.1.9 Specifying more exactly：compound nouns

Commuicative Practice Activities

1.2 Referring to people and things without naming them：pmnouns

1.2.1 Referring t0 people and things：personal pmnouns

1.2.2 Mentioning possession：possessive pronouns

1.2.3 Referring back to the subject：renexiVe pronouns

1.2.4 Referring to a particular person or thing：demonstmtiVe pronouns

1.2.5 Referring to people and things in a general way：inde6nite pmnouns

1.2.6 Showing that two people do the same thing：recipmcal pmnouns

1.2.7 Joining clauses together：relatiVe pronouns

1.2.8 Asking questions：interrogative pronouns

CommuicatiVe Practice ActiVities

1.3 Identifying what you are talking about：deternliners

1.3.1 Collocations between detenlliners and nouns

1.3.2 Collocations between deteminers

1.3.3 Definite specific reference：the definite article

1.3.4 Indefinite specific reference：the indefinite anicle

1.3.5 Generic reference：the zero anicle

1.3.6 Indefinite determiners

Commuicative Practice Activities

2 Giving inflomation about people and things

2.1 Descrbing things：adjectives

2.1.1 One—word and compound adiectives

2.1.2 Centml and peripheral adjectives

2.1.3 Dynamic and stative adjectives

2.1.4 Grable and non—gradable adjectives

2.1.5 Panicipial adjectives

2.1.6 Descriptors and classifiers

2.1.7 AdjectiVe（phrase）as modifier in noun phmses

2.1.8 Adjective phrases as complement

2.1.9 C0mparison and Comparative Constmctions

Commuicative Practice Activities

2.2 Indicating possession or association：genitive noun

2.2.1 Formation of genitive nouns

2.2.2 Meanings of genitive nouns

2.2.3 Uses of genitive nouns

2.2.4 The independent genitive

2.2.5 The double genitive

Commuicative Practice Activities

2.3 Modifying using nouns：premodifying nouns

2.3.1 Meaning relations expressed by noun+noun sequences

2.3.2 Noun+noun sequences acmss registers

2.3.3 Plural nouns as premodifiers

2.4 Talking about quantities and amounts：panitives

2.4.1 General partitives

2.4.2 Partitives related to the shape of things

2.4.3 Partitive related to volume

2.4.4 Partitives related to the state of action

2.4.5 PartitiVes denoting pairs，groups，flocks，etc.

2.4.6 Partitives denoting measures

2.5 ReflerTing to an exact nunlber of things：numerals

2.5.1 Referring to the number of things：cardinal numbers

2.5.2 Referring to things in a sequence：ordinal numbers

2.5.3 Types of numerical expressions

2.5.4 Tlalking about age

2.5.5 Approximate numbers

Commuicative Practice Activities

2.6 Expanding the noun phrase：postmodifiers

2.6.1 Nouns with prepositional phrases

2.6.2 Nouns with adjective phrases

2.6.3 Nouns with non-finite clauses

2.6.4 Nouns with appositive noun phrases

3 Making a message

3.1 Describing actions or states： verbs

3.1.1 Main verbs and auxiliaries

3.1.2 Transitive verbs，intransitive verbs and linking verbs

3.1.3 Dynamic verbs and stative verbs

3.1.4 Regular verbs and irregular verbs

3.1.5 Single-word verbs and phrasal verbs

Commuicative Practice Activities

3.2 Describing and identifying things： complementation

3.2.1 Adjective phrases as subject complements

3.2.2 Noun phrases as subject complements

3.2.3 That-clauses as subject complements

3.2.4 Infinitive clauses as subject complements

3.2.5 Intransitive verbs with subject complements

3.2.6 Describing the object of a verb ： object complements

3.3 Talking about closely linked actions ： using two verbs together

3.3.1 Talking about two actions done by the same person： V1 +V2

3.3.2 Talking about two actions done by different people： V1 + O + V2

3.3.3 Verbs occurring in two patterns

Commuicative Practice Activities

4 Varying the message

4.1 Using different kinds of sentence

4.1.1 Statements

4.1.2 Questions

4.1.3 Commands

4. I. 4 Exclamations

Commuicative Practice Activities

4.2 Using negation

4.2.1 Negative statements

4.2.2 The scope of negation

4.2.3 Multiple negation "

4.2.4 Negative adverbs

4.2.5 Means to emphasize a negative meaning

Commuicative Practice Activities

4.3 Using modals

4.3.1 Special features of modals

4.3.2 Indicating ability

4.3.3 Indicating permission and prohibition

4.3.4 Indicating possibility and likelihood

4.3.5 Indicating obligation

4.3.6 Indicating volition

4.3.7 Indicating suggestions and advice

4.3.8 Other modal meanings

Commuieative Practice Activities

Expressing time

5.1 The present

5.1.1 The present in general： the simple present

5.1.2 Accent on the present： the present progressive

5.1.3 Contrast between present progressive and simple present

Commuicative Practice Activities

5.2 The past

5.2.1 Stating a definite time in the past： the simple past

5.2.2 Accent on the past ： the past progressive

5.2.3 The past in relation to the present ： the present perfective

5.2.4 Contrast between present perfective and simple past

5.2.5 Events before a particular time in the past ： the past perfeetive

5.2.6 Contrast between past perfeetive and simple past

Commuicative Practice Activities

5.3 The future

5.3.1 Indicating the future using "will" ~

5.3.2 Other ways of indicating the future

5.3.3 Ways of indicating past future

Commuicative Practice Activities

5.4 Timing by adjuncts

5.4.1 Adjuncts of relative time

5.4.2 Adjuncts emphasizing continuation， stop， occurrence， and not happening

5.4.3 Adjuncts of specific and non-specific times

5.4.4 Adjuncts of frequency

5.4.5 Adjuncts of duration

Commuicative Practice Activities

6 Expressing manner and place

7 Reporting peoples words of thoughts

8 Combining messages

9 The Structure of information

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