基础药物化学

前言

第1章绪论(Introduction)1

1.1药物化学的发展简史(Development History of Medicinal Chemistry)2

1.1.1天然药物时期(Period of Natural Drugs)2

1.1.2合成药物时期(Period of Synthetic Drugs)3

1.1.3药物设计时期(Period of Drug Design)4

1.2药物化学发展新趋向(New Trends in Medicinal Chemistry)5

1.3化学药物的命名(Nomenclature of Drugs)6

1.3.1通用名称(Generic Name)7

1.3.2商品名称(Trade Name)7

1.3.3系统名称(Systematic Name)8

1.4药物作用基础(Background of Drug Interactions)11

1.4.1药物作用靶点(Drug Targets)11

1.4.2药物的化学结构与活性的关系(StructureActivity Relationships)13

1.4.3药物代谢动力学(Drug Pharmacokinetics)15

1.5药物设计的原理与方法(Principles and Methods of Drug Design)18

1.5.1先导化合物的发现(Lead Discovery)19

1.5.2先导化合物的优化(Lead Optimization)21

1.5.3计算机辅助药物设计(Computer Aided Drug Design)25

1.6新药研究与开发概论(Brief Introduction of New Drug Research and

Development)26

1.6.1新药研究与开发过程和方法(Process and Method of New Drug Research and

Development)27

1.6.2药物质量标准(Drug Quality Standards)29

习题30

参考文献31

第2章中枢神经系统药物(Drugs for Central Nervous System)32

2.1镇静催眠药物(SedativeHypnotics)32

2.1.1巴比妥类(Barbiturates)32

2.1.2苯二氮类(Benzodiazepines)36

2.1.3其他类(Others)42

2.2抗癫痫药物(Antiepileptics)45

2.2.1环内酯脲结构类(Macrolide Ureas)46

2.2.2二苯并氮杂类(Dibenzodiazepines)48

2.2.3脂肪酸类(Fatty Acids)49

2.2.4其他类(Others)50

2.3抗惊厥药物(Anticonvulsants)51

2.4抗精神病药物(Antipsychotics)52

2.4.1吩噻嗪类(Phenothiazines)53

2.4.2丁酰苯类(Butyrophenones)54

2.4.3硫杂蒽类(Thioxanthenes)57

2.4.4新型抗精神病药物(New Types of Antipsychotics)58

2.5抗抑郁药(Antidepressants)59

2.5.1单胺氧化酶抑制剂(Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)60

2.5.25HT重摄取抑制剂(5HTReuptake Inhibitors)61

2.5.3去甲肾上腺素重摄取抑制剂(NorepinephrineReuptake Inhibitors)62

2.6抗焦虑药(Antianxietics)63

2.6.1苯二氮类(Benzodiazepines)63

2.6.2氨甲酸酯类(Carbamates)63

2.6.3二苯甲烷类(Diphenylmethanes)64

2.6.4其他类(Others)64

2.7促智药(Nootropics)65

2.8抗躁狂药物(Antimanics)65

2.9中枢兴奋药物(Central Stimulants)67

2.9.1主要兴奋大脑皮质的药物(Drugs Mainly Exciting Cerebral Cortex)67

2.9.2主要兴奋延髓呼吸中枢的药物(Drugs Mainly Exciting Medullary Respiratory

Center)69

2.9.3主要兴奋脊髓的药物(Drugs Mainly Exciting Spinal Cord)72

2.10抗帕金森病药(Antiparkinsonism Drugs)73

2.11抗阿尔茨海默病药物(AntiAlzheimer Drugs)74

2.12镇痛药物(Analgesics)77

2.12.1阿片类(Opiums)77

2.12.2合成镇痛药(Synthetic Analgesics)79

习题82

参考文献84

第3章麻醉药物(Anesthetics)86

3.1全身麻醉药物(General Anesthetics)86

3.1.1吸入性全身麻醉药(Inhalation Anesthetics)87

3.1.2静脉麻醉药(Intravenous Anesthetics)89

3.2局部麻醉药物(Local Anesthetics)92

3.2.1芳酸酯类(Aromatic Esters)92

3.2.2酰胺类(Amides)93

3.2.3氨基酮类(Aminoketones)94

3.2.4氨基醚类(Amino Ethers)94

3.2.5其他类型(Others)95

3.2.6局部麻醉药的构效关系(StructureActivity Relationships of Local Anesthetics)95

习题96

参考文献97

第4章非甾体消炎药物(Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs)98

4.1解热镇痛药物(Antipyretic Analgesics)99

4.1.1苯胺类(Anilines)99

4.1.2水杨酸类(Salicylic Acids)100

4.1.3吡唑酮类(Pyrazolons)102

4.2环氧化酶抑制剂(Cycloxygenase Inhibitors)104

4.2.1吡唑烷酮类(Pyrazolidones)104

4.2.2苯并噻嗪类(Benzothiazines)105

4.2.3芳基烷酸类(Aralkyl Acids)106

4.2.4灭酸类(Fenamates)109

4.2.5COX2抑制剂(COX2 Inhibitors)110

4.3抗风湿病药(Antirheumatics)111

4.4抗痛风药物(Gout Suppressants)113

4.4.1急性痛风关节炎药物(Acute Gouty Arthritis Drugs)114

4.4.2糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoid，GCS)114

4.4.3作用于尿酸代谢的药物(Drugs Affecting Uric Acid Metabolism)115

4.4.4其他类(Others)117

4.5抗偏头痛药(Antimigraines)119

习题120

参考文献121

第5章作用于呼吸系统的药物(Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System)122

5.1镇咳药物(Antitussives)122

5.1.1中枢性镇咳药(Central Antitussives)122

5.1.2外周性镇咳药(Peripheral Antitussives)125

5.2祛痰药(Expectorants)127

5.3平喘药(Antiasthmatics)129

5.3.1β肾上腺素受体激动剂(βAdrenergic Receptor Agonists)129

5.3.2嘌呤类(Purines)131

5.3.3抗胆碱类(Cholinolytics)132

5.3.4消炎平喘类(Antiinflammatory Antiasthmatics)133

5.3.5抗过敏性平喘类(Ananaphylaxis Antiasthmatics)133

习题134

参考文献135

第6章抗过敏药物和消化系统的药物(Drugs for Allergy & Gastrointestinal

Diseases)136

6.1抗过敏药物(Antiallergic Drugs)136

6.1.1经典的H1受体拮抗剂(Classical H1Receptor Antagonists)138

6.1.2非镇静H1受体拮抗剂(Nonsedative H1Receptor Antagonists)143

6.1.3过敏介质释放抑制剂(Allergic Medicator Release Inhibitors)145

6.1.4过敏介质拮抗剂(Allergic Mediator Antagonists)146

6.1.5钙通道阻断剂(Calcium Channel Blockers)146

6.2抗溃疡药物(Antiulcer Drugs)146

6.2.1抗酸药物(Antiacids)147

6.2.2抑制胃酸分泌药物(Antigastric Acid Secretion Drugs)147

6.2.3抗微生物药物(Antimicrobials)150

6.3泻药与止泻药物(Cathartics and Antidiarrheals)151

6.3.1泻药(Cathartics)152

6.3.2止泻药物(Antidiarrheals)155

6.4止吐药物与催吐药物(Antemetics and Emetics)157

6.4.1止吐药物(Antemetics)157

6.4.2催吐药物(Emetics)159

6.5助消化药物(Digestants)160

6.5.1消化液的主要成分(Essential Components of Digestive Juice)161

6.5.2促消化液分泌药(Drugs for Promoting the Secretion of Digestive Juice)162

6.6促动力药物(Prokinetics)162

6.7肝胆药物及其辅助治疗药物(Hepatobiliary Drugs and Their

Adjuvants)168

6.7.1肝病药物及其辅助治疗药(Hepatic Drugs and Their Adjuvants)168

6.7.2胆病药物及其辅助治疗药(Biliary Drugs and Their Adjuvants)171

习题171

参考文献173

第7章心血管系统药物(Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System)174

7.1抗慢性心力衰竭药物(Drugs for Chronic Heart Failure)174

7.1.1强心苷类(Cardiac Glycosides)175

7.1.2β受体激动剂类(βReceptor Agonists)177

7.1.3磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors)178

7.1.4钙敏化药 (Calcium Sensitizers)178

7.2抗心律失常药物(Antiarrhythmic Drugs)178

7.2.1Ⅰ类钠通道阻断剂(ⅠSodium Channel Blockers)179

7.2.2β受体阻断剂和钙拮抗剂(βReceptor Blockers and Calcium Antagonists)183

7.2.3钾通道阻断剂(Potassium Channel Blockers)183

7.3抗心绞痛药物(Antianginal Drugs)184

7.3.1硝酸酯类及亚硝酸酯类药物(Nitrates and Nitrites Drugs)184

7.3.2钙拮抗剂(Calcium Antagonists)185

7.3.3β受体阻断剂(βReceptor Blockers)186

7.3.4其他类(Others)186

7.4抗高血压药物(Antihypertensive Drugs)187

7.4.1β受体阻断剂(βReceptor Blockers)188

7.4.2钙拮抗剂(Calcium Antagonists)192

7.4.3血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors，

ACEI)195

7.4.4血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(Angiotensin Ⅱ Receptor Antagonists，ARB)197

7.4.5α1受体阻断剂(α1Receptor Blockers)199

7.4.6其他类(Others)200

7.5抗脑血管疾病药物(Drugs for Cerebrovascular Diseases)201

7.5.1脑血管扩张药物(Cerebral Vasodilators)202

7.5.2改善脑部血液循环类药物(Drugs Improving Cerebral Blood Circulation)204

7.5.3中成药(Chinese Patent Drugs)205

7.6抗休克药物(Antishock Drugs)206

7.6.1强心类药物(Cardiotonic Drugs)206

7.6.2血管扩张类药(Vasodilator Drugs)207

7.6.3血管收缩类药(Vasoconstrictor Drugs)208

7.6.4调节代谢类药(Drugs for Metabolic Regulation)209

7.6.5中成药(Chinese Patent Drugs)209

7.7利尿药物(Diuretics)209

7.7.1碳酸酐酶抑制剂(Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors)209

7.7.2渗透性利尿药(Osmotic Diuretics)210

7.7.3Na+Cl-协转运抑制药(Na+Cl- Cotransport Inhibitors)211

7.7.4Na+K+2Cl-协转运抑制药(Na+K+2Cl- Cotransport Inhibitors)213

7.7.5阻断肾小管上皮Na+通道药物(Drugs Blocking Luminal Sodium Channels)215

7.7.6盐皮质激素受体阻断药(Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists)216

7.8降血脂药物(Antilipemic Drugs)217

7.8.1苯氧乙酸类(Phenoxy Acetic Acids)218

7.8.2羟甲戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂(HMGCoA Reductase Inhibitors)219

7.8.3烟酸及其衍生物(Nicotinic Acid and Their Derivatives)220

7.8.4其他类(Others)221

习题222

参考文献223

第8章抗糖尿病药物(Antidiabetics)226

8.1胰岛素制剂(Insulin Agents)226

8.2胰岛素分泌促进剂(Insulin Secretagogues Agents)227

8.2.1磺酰脲类(Sulfonylureas)227

8.2.2非磺酰脲类(Nonsulfonylureas)229

8.3胰岛素增敏剂(Insulin Enhancers)230

8.3.1双胍类(Biguanides)230

8.3.2噻唑烷二酮类(Thiazolidinediones)231

8.4α葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂(αGlucosidase Inhibitors)233

8.5醛糖还原酶抑制剂(Aldose Reductase Inhibitors)233

8.6其他类(Others)235

8.6.1胰高血糖素样多肽1受体激动剂(Glucagonlike Peptide1 Receptor Agonists)235

8.6.2二肽基肽酶Ⅳ抑制剂(Dipeptidyl Peptidase Ⅳ Inhibitors)235

8.6.3胰淀素类似物(Amylin Analogues)236

8.6.4升血糖药物(Hyperglycemics)237

习题237

参考文献238

第9章作用于血液及血系统的药物(Drugs Affecting the Blood and Blood

System)240

9.1抗贫血药物(Antianemia Drugs)240

9.1.1铁制剂(Iron Preparations)240

9.1.2叶酸(Folic Acid)241

9.1.3维生素B12(Vitamin B12)242

9.1.4亚叶酸钙(Calcium Folinate)243

9.1.5重组红细胞生成素(Erythropoietin)243

9.2抗凝血药物(Anticoagulant Drugs)244

9.2.1凝血酶间接抑制剂(Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors)244

9.2.2凝血酶直接抑制剂(Direct Thrombin Inhibitors)245

9.2.3维生素K拮抗药物(Vitamin K Antagonists)247

9.2.4体外抗凝血药物(In Vitro Anticoagulants)248

9.3抗血小板药物(Antiplatelet Drugs)248

9.3.1抑制血小板花生四烯酸代谢的药物(Drugs Inhibiting the Metabolism of

Platelet Arachidonic Acid)249

9.3.2增高血小板内环核苷酸含量的药物(Drugs Increasing the Content of Platelet

Cyclic Nucleotide)249

9.3.3特异抑制ADP活化血小板的药物(Drugs Inhibiting the ADP Activating

Platelet)250

9.3.4血小板膜纤维蛋白原受体拮抗药物(Platelet Fibrinogen Receptor Antagonists)250

9.4抗血栓药物(Antithrombotics)251

9.4.1纤溶酶原启动药物(Plasminogen Activators)251

9.4.2去纤维蛋白原药物(Defibrinogenating Drugs)251

9.5促凝血药物和止血药物(Coagulants and Hemostatics)252

9.5.1促进凝血因子活性的药物(Drugs Promoting the Coagulation Factor

Activity)252

9.5.2凝血因子制剂(Preparation of Coagulation Factor)252

9.5.3抑制纤维蛋白溶解的药物(Fibrinolytic Inhibitors)253

9.5.4作用于血管的止血药物(Vasoactive Hemostyptics)253

9.5.5局部止痛药物(Local Analgesics)254

9.6促白细胞增生药物(Drugs Promoting Leucocyte Proliferation)254

9.6.1粒细胞集落刺激因子(Granulocyte ColonyStimulating Factor)254

9.6.2粒细胞/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony

Stimulating Factor)255

习题255

参考文献256

第10章抗肿瘤药物(Antineoplastic Drugs)257

10.1烷化剂(Alkylating Agents)258

10.1.1氮芥类(Nitrogen Mustards)258

10.1.2乙撑亚胺类(Ethylene Imines)265

10.1.3甲磺酸酯类及多元醇类(Methanesulfonates and Polyhydric Alcohols)266

10.1.4甲基化剂类(Methylating Agents)267

10.2金属类抗癌药物(Metallic Anticancer Drugs)268

10.2.1过渡金属配合物(Transition Metal Complexes)268

10.2.2非过渡金属配合物(Nontransition Metal Complexes)272

10.3抗代谢药物(Antimetabolites)273

10.3.1嘧啶拮抗物(Pyrimidine Antagonists)274

10.3.2嘌呤拮抗物(Purine Antagonists)276

10.3.3叶酸拮抗物(Antifolates)278

10.4抗肿瘤抗生素(Anticancer Antibiotics)280

10.4.1多肽类抗生素(Polypeptide Antibiotics)280

10.4.2蒽醌类抗生素(Anthraquinone Antibiotics)281

10.5抗肿瘤的植物药有效成分及其衍生物(Antitumor Compounds

from Plants and Their Derivatives)283

10.5.1喜树碱类(Camptothecins)283

10.5.2鬼臼生物碱类(Podophyllotoxin Alkaloids)286

10.5.3长春碱类(Vinblastines)287

10.5.4紫杉醇类(Taxols)289

10.5.5秋水仙碱(Colchicine)289

10.5.6三尖杉酯碱(Harringtonine)290

10.5.7靛玉红(Indirubin)290

10.6激素类药物(Hormone Drugs)291

10.6.1芳香酶抑制剂(Aromatase Inhibitors)291

10.6.2激素治疗和激素拮抗剂治疗(Hormone and Hormone Antagonists

Therapy)293

习题295

参考文献297

第11章抗微生物药物(Antimicrobial Drugs)299

11.1抗生素(Antibiotics)299

11.1.1β内酰胺类(βLactams)300

11.1.2氨基糖苷类(Aminoglycosides)312

11.1.3大环内酯类(Macrolides)317

11.1.4四环素类(Tetracyclines)320

11.1.5其他类(Others)323

11.1.6抗生素的合理使用(Rational Use of Antibiotics)325

11.2抗细菌药物(Antibacterial Drugs)326

11.2.1磺胺类(Sulfonamides)326

11.2.2喹诺酮类(Quinolones)330

11.2.3唑烷酮类(Oxazolidinones)334

11.2.4咪唑类(Imidazoles)335

11.2.5其他类(Others)337

11.3抗真菌药物(Antifungal Drugs)338

11.3.1唑类(Azoles)339

11.3.2多烯类(Polyenes)344

11.3.3丙烯胺类(Allylamines)345

11.3.4硫代氨基甲酸类(Thiocarbamic Acids)347

11.3.5其他类(Others)347

11.4抗结核药物(Antitubercular Drugs)350

11.4.1合成抗结核药物(Synthetic Antitubercular Drugs)350

11.4.2抗结核抗生素(Antitubercular Antibiotics)353

11.4.3其他类(Others)355

11.5抗麻风病药(Antileprotic Drugs)355

11.5.1结核样型麻风病(Tuberculoid Leprosy)356

11.5.2瘤型麻风病(Lepromatous Leprosy)356

11.5.3常用药物(Normal Drugs)357

11.6抗病毒药物(Antiviral Drugs)359

11.6.1金刚烷胺类(Amantadines)359

11.6.2核苷类(Nucleotides)360

11.6.3非核苷类(Nonnucleotides)363

11.6.4其他类(Others)366

11.7抗微生物中药(Antimicrobial Chinese Patent Drugs)367

11.7.1黄连(Coptis)368

11.7.2黄芩(Scutellaria)368

11.7.3鱼腥草(Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb)369

11.7.4穿心莲(Andrographis Paniculata)370

11.7.5金银花(Honeysuckle)370

11.7.6大蒜(Garlic)371

11.8消毒防腐药物(Disinfectants and Antiseptics)372

11.8.1醇类(Alcohols)372

11.8.2酚类(Phenols)373

11.8.3醛类(Aldehydes)374

11.8.4酸类(Acids)375

11.8.5卤化物类(Halogenides)377

11.8.6氧化剂类(Oxidants)378

11.8.7染料类(Dyestuffs)379

11.8.8重金属化合物类(Heavy Metallic Compounds)380

11.8.9表面活性剂类(Surface Active Drugs)381

习题382

参考文献384

第12章抗寄生虫药物(Antiparasitics)388

12.1抗疟药物(Antimalarial Drugs)388

12.1.1喹啉类(Quinolines)389

12.1.2青蒿素类(Artemisinins)391

12.1.3嘧啶类(Miazines)393

12.2驱肠虫药(Anthelmintics)393

12.2.1哌嗪类(Piperazines)394

12.2.2咪唑类(Imidazoles)395

12.2.3嘧啶类(Pyrimidines)397

12.2.4天然药物(Natural Drugs)398

12.3抗滴虫病药(Antitrichomoniasis Drugs)399

12.4抗血吸虫药物(Antischistosomal Drugs)401

12.5抗丝虫病药(Antifilarial Drugs)404

12.6抗阿米巴病药(Antiamebiasis Drugs)404

12.7抗黑热病药(Antikalaazar Drugs)406

习题407

参考文献408

第13章维生素(Vitamins)409

13.1脂溶性维生素(FatSoluble Vitamins)409

13.1.1维生素A(Vitamin A)类409

13.1.2维生素D(Vitamin D)类411

13.1.3维生素E(Vitamin E)类412

13.1.4维生素K(Vitamin K)类413

13.2水溶性维生素(WaterSoluble Vitamins)415

13.2.1维生素B(Vitamin B)类415

13.2.2维生素C(Vitamin C)类421

习题422

参考文献423

第14章激素类药物(Hormone Drugs)424

14.1甾体激素类药物(Steroid Hormone Drugs)424

14.1.1雄激素、同化激素与抗雄激素类药物(Androgens，Anabolic Hormones

and Androgen Antagonists)425

14.1.2雌激素和抗雌激素类(Estrogens and Antiestrogens)429

14.1.3孕激素和抗孕激素类药物(Progestogens and Antiprogestogens)434

14.1.4肾上腺皮质激素(Adrenocorticoids)436

14.2甲状腺激素及抗甲状腺激素(Thyroid and Antithyroid

Hormones)442

14.2.1甲状腺激素类药物(Thyroid Hormone Drugs)443

14.2.2抗甲状腺激素类药物(Antithyroid Hormone Drugs)443

14.3前列腺素(Prostaglandins)445

14.3.1PGE1类衍生物(PGE1Derivatives)445

14.3.2PGE2类衍生物(PGE2Derivatives)446

14.4肽类激素(Peptide Hormones)446

习题448

参考文献450

第15章作用于自主神经系统的药物(Drugs Affecting Autonomic Nervous

System)451

15.1作用于胆碱受体的药物(Drugs Affecting Cholinergic

Receptor)451

15.1.1拟胆碱药(Cholinomimetic Agents)453

15.1.2抗胆碱药(Anticholinergic Agents)461

15.2作用于肾上腺素受体的药物(Drugs Affecting Adrenergic

Receptor)470

15.2.1拟肾上腺素药物(Adrenergic Agents)471

15.2.2抗肾上腺素药物(Adrenergic Antagonists)483

习题493

参考文献494

第16章作用于生殖系统的药物(Drugs Affecting Reproductive System)496

16.1女性生殖系统药物(Female Reproductive System Drugs)496

16.1.1子宫肌活动调节药(Uterine Muscle Activity Regulators)496

16.1.2终止妊娠药和引产药(Drugs for Termination of Pregnancy and

Odinopoeia)501

16.1.3促宫颈成熟药(Drugs Promoting Cervical Ripening)504

16.1.4抑制乳汁分泌药(Antigalactagogues)504

16.1.5调经药、促排卵药和子宫内膜异位症用药(Antidysmenorrheics，

Ovulation Stimulants and Drugs for Endometriosis)505

16.1.6更年期、绝经期综合征用药(Drugs for Syndrome of Climacteric and

Menopause)507

16.2男性生殖系统药(Male Reproductive System Drugs)508

16.2.1抗前列腺增生药(Prostatic Hyperplasia Inhibitors)508

16.2.2促进精子发生和活力的药物(Drugs Promoting Spermatogenesis and

Vitality)511

16.2.3治疗阳痿的药物(Drugs for Impotence)512

16.3生殖健康及生育调节药(Reproductive Health and Procreation

Regulators)513

习题519

参考文献519

第17章解毒药(Detoxicants)521

17.1金属中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Metal Poisoning)521

17.2有机磷农药中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Organophosphorus

Pesticide Poisoning)522

17.3氰化物中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Cyanide Poisoning)524

17.4有机氟中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Organofluorine Poisoning)525

17.5有毒动物蜇伤解毒药(Detoxicants for Poisonous Animals

Poisoning)526

17.6解酒药(Antialcoholic Drugs)527

17.6.1化学制剂(Chemical Formulas)528

17.6.2中成药(Chinese Patent Drugs)529

17.6.3保健品(Health Care Products)529

17.7戒毒药(Treatment Drugs for Addiction)530

17.7.1阿片受体拮抗剂(Opiate Receptor Antagonists)530

17.7.2阿片受体激动剂(Opiate Receptor Agonists)531

17.8其他解毒药(Other Detoxicants)532

17.8.1一氧化碳中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning)532

17.8.2甲醇中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Methanol Poisoning)533

17.8.3四季豆中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Phaseolus Poisoning)534

习题534

参考文献535

第18章其他药物(Other Drugs)536

18.1抗衰老药物(Antiaging Drugs)536

18.1.1自由基清除剂(Free Radical Scavengers)536

18.1.2免疫功能调节剂(Immunologic Function Regulators)537

18.1.3激素疗法(Hormonotherapy)537

18.2减肥药物(Antiobesity Drugs)538

18.3杀虫剂(Pesticides)540

18.3.1乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitors)540

18.3.2拟除虫菊酯类(Pyrethroids)541

18.3.3沙蚕毒素类(Nereistoxins)541

18.3.4有机氯类(Organochlorines)542

18.4毒鼠药物(Ratsbanes)543

18.5诊断用药(Diagnostic Drugs)545

18.5.1器官功能检查药(Agents for Organ Functional Examination)545

18.5.2X线造影剂(Xray Contrast Medias)547

18.5.3磁共振显像造影剂(MRI Contrast Medias)548

习题548

参考文献549

附录参考书目及手册550

第1章绪论(Introduction)1

1.1药物化学的发展简史(Development History of

Medicinal Chemistry)2

1.1.1天然药物时期(Period of Naturally Occurring Drugs)2

1.1.2合成药物时期(Period of Synthetic Drugs)3

1.1.3药物设计时期(Period of Drug Design)4

1.2药物化学发展新趋向(New Trends in Medicinal Chemistry)5

1.3化学药物的命名(Nomenclature of Drugs)6

1.3.1通用名称(Generic Name)7

1.3.2商品名称(Trade Name)7

1.3.3系统名称(System Name)8

1.4药物作用基础(Background of Drug Interactions)11

1.4.1药物作用靶点(Drug Targets)11

1.4.2药物的化学结构与活性的关系(StructureActivity Relationships)13

1.4.3药物代谢动力学(Drug Pharmacokinetics)15

1.5药物设计的原理与方法(Principles and Methods of Drug Design)18

1.5.1先导化合物的发现(Lead Discovery)19

1.5.2先导化合物的优化(Lead Optimization)21

1.5.3计算机辅助药物设计(Computer Aided Drug Design)25

1.6新药研究与开发概论(Brief Introduction of New Drug Research and Development)26

1.6.1新药研究与开发过程和方法(Process and Method of New Drug Research and Development)27

1.6.2药物质量标准(Drug Quality Standards)29

1.6.3新药研发的新技术(New Techniques of New Drug Research)30

1.7我国新药管理(The Administration of New Drugs in P.R.China)32

1.8新药的专利和专利权(The Patents and Patent

Rights of New Drugs)33

1.8.1专利和专利权(Patents and Patent Rights)34

1.8.2医药发明专利的种类(The Categories of Medicinal Patent of Invention)34

1.8.3药品专利的保护对象及条件(The Protect Object and Requirements

of Medicinal Patents)35

1.8.4专利的保护(Patent Protection)35

习题35

参考文献36

第2章中枢神经系统药物(Drugs for Central Nervous System)38

2.1镇静催眠药物(SedativeHypnotics)38

2.1.1巴比妥类药(Barbiturates)38

2.1.2苯二氮类药物(Benzodiazepines)42

2.1.3其他类镇静催眠药(Others)48

2.2抗癫痫药物(Antiepileptics)51

2.2.1环内酯脲结构类(Macrolide Ureas)52

2.2.2二苯并氮杂类(Dibenzodiazepines)54

2.2.3脂肪酸类(Fatty Acids)55

2.2.4其他类(Others)56

2.3抗惊厥药物(Anticonvulsants)57

2.4抗精神病药物(Antipsychotics)58

2.4.1吩噻嗪类(Phenothiazines)59

2.4.2丁酰苯类(Butyrophenones)60

2.4.3硫杂蒽类(Thioxanthenes)63

2.4.4新型抗精神病药(New Types of Antipsychotics)64

2.5抗抑郁药(Antidepressants)65

2.5.1单胺氧化酶抑制剂(Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)66

2.5.25HT重摄取抑制剂(5HTReuptake Inhibitors)67

2.5.3去甲肾上腺素重摄取抑制剂(NorepinephrineReuptake Inhibitors)68

2.6抗焦虑药(Antianxietics)69

2.6.1苯二氮类(Benzodiazepines)69

2.6.2氨甲酸酯类(Carbamates)69

2.6.3二苯甲烷类(Diphenylmethanes)70

2.6.4其他类(Others)70

2.7促智药(Nootropics)71

2.8抗躁狂药物(Antimanics)71

2.9中枢兴奋药物(Central Stimulants)73

2.9.1主要兴奋大脑皮质的药物(Drugs Mainly Exciting Cerebral Cortex)73

2.9.2主要兴奋延髓呼吸中枢的药物(Drugs Mainly Exciting Medullary Respiratory Center)75

2.9.3主要兴奋脊髓的药物(Drugs Mainly Exciting Spinal Cord)78

2.10抗帕金森病药(Antiparkinsonism Drugs)79

2.11抗阿尔茨海默病药物(AntiAlzheimer Drugs)80

2.12镇痛药物(Analgesics)83

2.12.1阿片类(Opiums)83

2.12.2合成镇痛药(Synthetic Analgesics)85

习题88

参考文献90

第3章麻醉药物(Anesthetics)92

3.1全身麻醉药物(General Anesthetics)92

3.1.1吸入性全身麻醉药(Inhalation Anesthetics)93

3.1.2静脉麻醉药(Intravenous Anesthetics)95

3.2局部麻醉药物(Local Anesthetics)98

3.2.1芳酸酯类(Aromatic Esters)98

3.2.2酰胺类(Amides)99

3.2.3氨基酮类(Aminoketones)100

3.2.4氨基醚类(Amino Ethers)100

3.2.5其他类型(Others)101

3.2.6局部麻醉药的构效关系(StructureActivity Relationships of

Local Anesthetics)101

习题102

参考文献103

第4章非甾体抗炎药物(Nonsteroidal AntⅡnflammatory Drugs)104

4.1解热镇痛药物(Antipyretic Analgesics)105

4.1.1苯胺类(Anilines)105

4.1.2水杨酸类(Salicylic Acids)106

4.1.3吡唑酮类(Pyrazolons)108

4.2非甾体抗炎药物(Nonsteroidal AntⅡnflammatory Drugs)110

4.2.1吡唑烷酮类(Pyrazolidones)110

4.2.2苯并噻嗪类(Benzothiazines)111

4.2.3芳基烷酸类(Aralkyl Acids)112

4.2.4灭酸类(Fenamates)115

4.2.5COX2抑制剂(COX2 Inhibitors)116

4.3抗风湿病药(Antirheumatics)117

4.4抗痛风药物(Gout Suppressants)119

4.4.1急性痛风关节炎药物(Acute Gouty Arthritis Drugs)120

4.4.2糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoid，GCS)120

4.4.3作用于尿酸代谢的药物(Drugs Affecting Uric Acid Metabolism)121

4.4.4其他类(Others)123

4.5抗偏头痛药(Antimigraines)125

习题126

参考文献127

第5章作用于呼吸系统的药物(Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System)128

5.1镇咳药物(Antitussives)128

5.1.1中枢性镇咳药(Central Antitussives)128

5.1.2外周性镇咳药(Peripheral Antitussives)131

5.2祛痰药(Expectorants)133

5.3平喘药(Antiasthmatics)135

5.3.1β肾上腺素受体激动剂(βSympathomimetics)135

5.3.2嘌呤类(Purines)137

5.3.3抗胆碱类(Cholinolytics)138

5.3.4抗炎平喘类(Antiinflammatory Antiasthmatics)139

5.3.5抗过敏性平喘类(Ananaphylaxis Antiasthmatics)139

习题140

参考文献141

第6章抗过敏药物和消化系统的药物(Drugs for Allergy & Gastrointestinal

Diseases)142

6.1抗过敏药物(Antiallergic Drugs)142

6.1.1经典的H1受体拮抗剂(Classical H1Receptor Antagonists)144

6.1.2非镇静H1受体拮抗剂(Nonsedative H1Receptor Antagonists)149

6.1.3过敏介质释放抑制剂(Allergic Medicator Release Inhibitors)151

6.1.4过敏介质拮抗剂(Allergic Mediator Antagonists)152

6.1.5钙通道阻断剂(Calcium Channel Blockers)152

6.2抗溃疡药物(Antiulcer Drugs)152

6.2.1抗酸药物(Antiacids)153

6.2.2抑制胃酸分泌药物(Antigastric Acid Secretion Drugs)153

6.2.3抗微生物药物(Antimicrobials)156

6.3泻药与止泻药物(Cathartics and Constipating Remedies)157

6.3.1泻药(Cathartics)158

6.3.2止泻药物(Constipating Remedies)161

6.4止吐药物与催吐药物(Antemetics and Emetics)163

6.4.1止吐药物(Antemetics)163

6.4.2催吐药物(Emetics)165

6.5助消化药物(Digestants)166

6.5.1消化液的主要成分(Essential Components of Digestive Juice)167

6.5.2促消化液分泌药(Drugs for Promoting the Secretion of Digestive Juice)168

6.6促动力药物(Prokinetics)168

6.7肝胆药物及其辅助治疗药物(Hepatobiliary Drugs and Their

Adjuvants)174

6.7.1肝病药物及其辅助治疗药(Hepatic Drugs and Their Adjuvants)174

6.7.2胆病药物及其辅助治疗药(Biliary Drugs and Their Adjuvants)177

习题177

参考文献179

第7章心血管系统药物(Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System)180

7.1抗慢性心力衰竭药物(Drugs for Chronic Heart Failure)180

7.1.1强心苷类(Cardiac Glycosides)181

7.1.2木β受体激动剂类(βReceptor Agonists)183

7.1.3磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors)184

7.2抗心律失常药物(Antiarrhythmic Drugs)184

7.2.1Ⅰ类钠通道阻滞剂(ⅠSodium Channel Blockers)185

7.2.2β受体阻断剂和钙离子拮抗剂(βReceptor Blockers and Calcium Antagonists)189

7.2.3钾通道阻断剂(Potassium Channel Blockers)189

7.3抗心绞痛药物(Antianginal Drugs)190

7.3.1硝酸酯类及亚硝酸酯类药物(Nitrates and Nitrites Drugs)190

7.3.2钙离子拮抗剂(Calcium Antagonists)191

7.3.3β受体阻断剂(βReceptor Blockers)192

7.3.4其他类(Others)192

7.4抗高血压药物(Antihypertensive Drugs)193

7.4.1β受体阻滞剂(βReceptor Blockers)194

7.4.2钙离子拮抗剂(Calcium Channel Blockers)198

7.4.3血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors，

ACEI)201

7.4.4血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(Angiotensin Ⅱ Receptor Antagonists，ARB)203

7.4.5α1受体阻滞剂(α1Receptor Blockers)205

7.4.6其他类(Others)206

7.5抗脑血管疾病药物(Drugs for Cerebrovascular Diseases)207

7.5.1脑血管扩张药物(Cerebral Vasodilator)208

7.5.2改善脑部血液循环类药物(Drugs Improving Cerebral Blood Circulation)210

7.5.3中成药(Chinese Patent Drugs)211

7.6抗休克药物(Antishock Drugs)212

7.6.1强心类药物(Cardiotonic Drugs)212

7.6.2血管扩张类药(Vasodilator Drugs)213

7.6.3收缩血管类药(Vasoconstrictor Drugs)214

7.6.4调节代谢类药(Drugs for Metabolic Regulation)215

7.6.5中成药(Chinese Patent Drugs)215

7.7利尿药物(Diuretics)215

7.7.1碳酸酐酶抑制剂(Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors)215

7.7.2渗透性利尿药(Osmotic Diuretics)216

7.7.3Na+Cl-协转运抑制药(Na+Cl- Contransport Inhibitors)217

7.7.4Na+K+2Cl-协转运抑制药(Na+K+2Cl- Contransport Inhibitors)219

7.7.5阻断肾小管上皮Na+通道药物(Drugs Blocking Luminal Sodium

Channels)221

7.7.6盐皮质激素受体阻断药(Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists)222

7.8降血脂药物(Antilipemic Drugs)223

7.8.1苯氧乙酸类(Phenoxy Acetic Acids)224

7.8.2羟甲戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂(HMGCoA Reductase Inhibitors)225

7.8.3烟酸及其衍生物(Nicotinic Acid and Their Derivatives)226

7.8.4其他类(Others)227

习题228

参考文献229

第8章抗糖尿病药物(Antidiabetics)232

8.1胰岛素制剂(Insulin Agents)232

8.2胰岛素分泌促进剂(Insulin Secretagogues Agents)233

8.2.1磺酰脲类(Sulfonylureas)233

8.2.2非磺酰脲类(Nonsulfonylureas)235

8.3胰岛素增敏剂(Insulin Enhancers)236

8.3.1双胍类(Biguanides)236

8.3.2噻唑烷二酮类(Thiazolidinediones)237

8.4α葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂(αGlucosidase Inhibitors)239

8.5醛糖还原酶抑制剂(Aldose Reductase Inhibitors)239

8.6其他类(Others)241

8.6.1胰高血糖素样多肽1受体激动剂(Glucagonlike Peptide1 Receptor

Agonists)241

8.6.2二肽基肽酶Ⅳ抑制剂(Dipeptidyl Peptidase Ⅳ Inhibitors)241

8.6.3胰淀素类似物(Amylin Analogues)242

8.6.4升血糖药物(Hyperglycemics)243

习题243

参考文献244

第9章作用于血液及血系统的药物(Drugs Affecting the Blood and Blood System)246

9.1抗贫血药物(Antianemia Drugs)246

9.1.1铁制剂(Iron Preparations)246

9.1.2叶酸(Folic Acid)247

9.1.3维生素B12(Vitamin B12)248

9.1.4亚叶酸钙(Calcium Folinate)249

9.1.5重组红细胞生成素(Erythropoietin)249

9.2抗凝血药物(Anticoagulant Drugs)250

9.2.1凝血酶间接抑制剂(Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors)250

9.2.2凝血酶直接抑制剂(Direct Thrombin Inhibitors)251

9.2.3维生素K拮抗药物(Vitamin K Antagonists)253

9.2.4体外抗凝血药物(In Vitro Anticoagulants)254

9.3抗血小板药物(Antiplatelet Drugs)254

9.3.1抑制血小板花生四烯酸代谢的药物(Drugs Inhibiting the Metabolism

of Platelet Arachidonic Acid)255

9.3.2增高血小板内环核苷酸含量的药物(Drugs Increasing the Content

of Platelet Cyclic Nucleotide)255

9.3.3特异抑制ADP活化血小板的药物(Drugs Inhibiting the ADP Activating

Platelet)256

9.3.4血小板膜纤维蛋白原受体拮抗药物(Platelet Fibrinogen Receptor

Antagonists)256

9.4抗血栓药物(Antithrombotics)257

9.4.1纤溶酶原启动药物(Plasminogen Activators)257

9.4.2去纤维蛋白原药物(Defibrinogenating Drugs)257

9.5促凝血药物和止血药物(Coagulants and Hemostatics)258

9.5.1促进凝血因子活性的药物(Drugs Promoting the Coagulation Factor

Activity)258

9.5.2凝血因子制剂(NiaStates)258

9.5.3抑制纤维蛋白溶解的药物(Fibrinolytic Inhibitors)259

9.5.5局部止痛药物(Local Analgesics)260

9.6促白细胞增生药物(Drugs Promoting Leucocyte Proliferation)260

9.6.1粒细胞集落刺激因子(Granulocyte ColonyStimulating Factor)260

9.6.2粒细胞/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony

Stimulating Factor)261

习题261

参考文献262

第10章抗肿瘤药物(Antineoplastic Drugs)263

10.1烷化剂(Alkylating Agents)264

10.1.1氮芥类(Nitrogen Mustards)264

10.1.2乙撑亚胺类(Ethylene Imines)271

10.1.3甲磺酸酯类及多元醇类(Methanesulfonates and Polyhydric Alcohols)272

10.1.4甲基化剂类(Methylating Agents)273

10.2金属类抗癌药物(Metallic Anticancer Drugs)274

10.2.1过渡金属配合物(Transition Metal Complexes)274

10.2.2非过渡金属配合物(Nontransition Metal Complexes)278

10.3抗代谢药物(Antimetabolites)279

10.3.1嘧啶拮抗物(Pyrimidine Antagcnists)280

10.3.2嘌呤拮抗物(Purine Antagcnists)282

10.3.3叶酸拮抗物(Antifolates)284

10.4抗肿瘤抗生素(Anticancer Antibiotics)286

10.4.1多肽类抗生素(Polypeptide Antibiotics)286

10.4.2蒽醌类抗生素(Anthraquinone Antibiotics)287

10.5抗肿瘤的植物药有效成分及其衍生物(Antitumor Compounds

from Plants and Their Derivatives)289

10.5.1喜树碱类(Camptothecins)289

10.5.2鬼臼生物碱类(Podophyllotoxin Alkaloids)292

10.5.3长春碱类(Vinblastines)293

10.5.5秋水仙碱(Colchicine)295

10.5.6三尖杉酯碱(Harringtonine)296

10.5.7靛玉红(Indirubin)296

10.6激素类药物(Hormone Drugs)297

10.6.1芳香酶抑制剂(Aromatase Inhibitors)297

10.6.2激素治疗和激素拮抗剂治疗(Hormone and Hormone Antagonists

Therapy)299

习题301

参考文献303

第11章抗微生物药物(Antimicrobial Drugs)305

11.1抗生素(Antibiotics)305

11.1.1β内酰胺类(βLactams)306

11.1.1.1β内酰胺类抗生素的结构特点及其分类(Structure Characteristic and Classification of βLactam Antibiotics)306

11.1.1.2β内酰胺类抗生素的抗菌作用机制(Antibacterial Mechanism Action

of βLactam Antibiotics)306

11.1.2氨基糖苷类(Aminoglycosides)318

11.1.3大环内酯类(Macrolides)323

11.1.4四环素类(Tetracyclines)326

11.1.5其他类(Others)329

11.1.6抗生素的合理使用(Rational Use of Antibiotics)331

11.2抗细菌药(Antibacterial Drugs)332

11.2.1磺胺类(Sulfonamides)332

11.2.2喹诺酮类(Quinolones)336

11.2.3唑烷酮类(Oxazolidinones)340

11.2.4咪唑类(Imidazoles)341

11.2.5其他类(Others)343

11.3抗真菌药物(Antifungal Drugs)344

11.3.1唑类(Azoles)345

11.3.2多烯类(Polyenes)350

11.3.3丙烯胺类(Allylamines)351

11.3.4硫代氨基甲酸类(Thiocarbamic acids)353

11.3.5其他类(Others)353

11.4抗结核药物(Antitubercular Drugs)356

11.4.1合成抗结核药物(Synthetic Antitubercular Drugs)356

11.4.2抗结核抗生素(Antitubercular Antibiotics)359

11.4.3其他类(Others)361

11.5抗麻风病药(Antileprotic Drugs)361

11.5.1结核样型麻风病(Tuberculoid Leprosy)362

11.5.2瘤型麻风病(Lepromatous Leprosy)362

11.5.3其他类(Others)363

11.6抗病毒药物(Antiviral Drugs)365

11.6.1金刚烷胺类(Amantadines)365

11.6.2核苷类(Nucleotides)366

11.6.3非核苷类(Nonnucleotides)369

11.6.4其他类(Others)372

11.7抗微生物中药(Antimicrobial Chinese Patent Drugs)373

11.7.1黄连(Coptis)374

11.7.2黄芩(Scutellaria)374

11.7.3鱼腥草(Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb)375

11.7.4穿心莲(Andrographis Paniculata)376

11.7.5金银花(Honeysuckle)376

11.7.6大蒜(Garlic)377

11.8消毒防腐药物(Disinfectants and Antiseptics)378

11.8.1醇类(Alcohols)378

11.8.2酚类(Phenols)379

11.8.3醛类(Aldehydes)380

11.8.5卤化物类(Halogenides)383

11.8.6氧化剂类(Oxidants)384

11.8.7染料类(Dyestuffs)385

11.8.8重金属化合物类(Heavy Metallic Compounds)386

11.8.9表面活性剂类(Surface Active Drugs)387

习题388

参考文献390

第12章抗寄生虫药物(Antiparasitics)394

12.1抗疟药物(Antimalarial Drugs)394

12.1.1喹啉类(Quinolines)395

12.1.2青蒿素类(Artemisinins)397

12.1.3嘧啶类(Miazines)399

12.2驱肠虫药(Anthelmintics)399

12.2.1哌嗪类(Piperazines)400

12.2.2咪唑类(Imidazoles)401

12.2.3嘧啶类(Miazines)403

12.2.4天然药物(Naturally Occurring Drugs)404

12.3抗滴虫病药(Antitrichomoniasis Drugs)405

12.4抗血吸虫药物(Antischistosomal Drugs)407

12.5抗丝虫病药(Antifilarial Drugs)410

12.6抗阿米巴病药(Antiamebiasis Drugs)410

12.7抗黑热病药(Antikalaazar Drugs)412

习题413

参考文献414

第13章维生素(Vitamins)415

13.1脂溶性维生素(FatSoluble Vitamins)415

13.1.1维生素A(Vitamin A)类415

13.1.2维生素D(Vitamin D)类417

13.1.3维生素E(Vitamin E)类418

13.1.4维生素K(Vitamin K)类419

13.2水溶性维生素(WaterSoluble Vitamins)421

13.2.1维生素B(Vitamin B)类421

13.2.2维生素C(Vitamin C)427

习题428

参考文献429

第14章激素类药物(Hormone Drugs)430

14.1甾体激素类药物(Steroid Hormone Drugs)430

14.1.1雄激素、同化激素与抗雄激素类药物(Androgens，Anabolic Hormones

and Androgen Antagonists)431

14.1.2雌激素和抗雌激素类(Estrogens and Antiestrogens)435

14.1.3孕激素和抗孕激素类药物(Progestogens and Antiprogestogens)440

14.1.4肾上腺皮质激素(Adrenocorticoid)442

14.2甲状腺激素及抗甲状腺激素(Thyroid and Antithyroid

Hormones)448

14.2.1甲状腺激素类药物(Thyroid Hormone Drugs)448

14.2.2抗甲状腺激素类药物(Antithyroid Hormone Drugs)449

14.3前列腺素(Prostaglandins)450

14.3.1PGE1类衍生物(PGE1Derivatives)451

14.3.2PGE2类衍生物(PGE2Derivatives)451

14.4肽类激素(Peptide Hormones)452

习题454

参考文献455

第15章作用于自主神经系统的药物(Drugs Affecting Autonomic Nervous

System)457

15.1作用于胆碱能受体的药物(Drugs Affecting Cholinergic

Receptor)457

15.1.1拟胆碱药(Cholinomimetics)459

15.1.2抗胆碱药(Anticholinergic Agents)467

15.2作用于肾上腺素受体的药物(Drugs Affecting Adrenergic

Receptor)476

15.2.1拟肾上腺素药物(Adrenergic Agonists)477

15.2.2抗肾上腺素药物(Adrenergic Antagonists)489

习题499

参考文献500

第16章作用于生殖系统的药物(Drugs Affecting Reproductive System)502

16.1女性生殖系统药物(Female Reproductive System Drugs)502

16.1.1子宫肌活动调节药(Uterine Muscle Activity Regulators)502

16.1.2终止妊娠药和引产药(Drugs for Termination of Pregnancy and

Odinopoeia)507

16.1.3促宫颈成熟药(Drugs Promoting Cervical Ripening)510

16.1.4抑制乳汁分泌药(Antigalactagogues)510

16.1.5调经药、促排卵药和子宫内膜异位症用药(Antidysmenorrheics，

Ovulation Stimulants & Drugs for Endometriosis)511

16.1.6更年期、绝经期综合征用药(Drugs for Syndrome of Climacteric and

Menopause)513

16.2男性生殖系统药(Male Reproductive System Drugs)514

16.2.1抗前列腺增生药(Prostatic Hyperplasia Inhibitors)514

16.2.2促进精子发生和活力的药物(Drugs Promoting Spermatogenesis and

Vitality)517

16.2.3治疗阳痿的药物(Drugs for Impotence)518

16.3生殖健康及生育调节药(Reproductive Health and Procreation

Regulators)519

习题525

参考文献525

第17章解毒药(Detoxicants)527

17.1金属中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Metal Poisoning)527

17.2有机磷农药中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Organophosphorus

Pesticide Poisoning)528

17.3氰化物中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Cyanide Poisoning)530

17.4有机氟中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Organofluorine Poisoning)531

17.5有毒动物蜇伤解毒药(Detoxicants for Poisonous Animals

Poisoning)532

17.6解酒药(Antialcoholic Drugs)533

17.6.1化学制剂(Chemical Preparations)534

17.6.2中成药(Chinese Patent Drugs)535

17.6.3保健品(Health Care Products)535

17.7戒毒药(Detoxification Drugs)536

17.7.1阿片受体拮抗剂(Opiate Receptor Antagonists)536

17.7.2阿片受体激动剂(Opiate Receptor Agonists)537

17.8其他解毒药(Others)538

17.8.1一氧化碳中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning)538

17.8.2甲醇中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Methanol Poisoning)539

17.8.3四季豆中毒解毒药(Detoxicants for Phaseolus Poisoning)540

习题540

参考文献541

第18章其他药物(Other Drugs)542

18.1抗衰老药物(Antiaging Drugs)542

18.1.1自由基清除剂(Free Radical Scavengers)542

18.1.2免疫功能调节剂(Immunologic Function Regulators)543

18.1.3激素疗法(Hormonotherapy)543

18.2减肥药物(Antiobesity Drugs)544

18.3杀虫剂(Pesticides)546

18.3.1乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitors)546

18.3.2拟除虫菊酯类(Pyrethroids)547

18.3.3沙蚕毒素类(Nereistoxins)547

18.3.4有机氯类(Organochlorines)548

18.4毒鼠药物(Ratsbanes)549

18.5诊断用药(Diagnostic Drugs)551

18.5.1器官功能检查药(Agents for Organ Functional Examination)551

18.5.2X线造影剂(Xray Contrast Medias)553

18.5.3磁共振显像造影剂(MRI Contrast Medias)554

习题554

参考文献555

附录1参考书目及手册556

附录2习题参考答案558

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