稀化气体中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 : 第2版

Preface1 Introduction1.1 Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic clouds1.2 Superfiuid 4He1.3 Other condensates1.4 OverviewProblemsReferences2 The non-interacting Bose gas2.1 The Bose distribution2.1.1 Density of states2.2 Transition temperature and condensate fraction2.2.1 Condensate fraction2.3 Density profile and velocity distribution2.3.1 The semi-classical distribution2.4 Thermodynamic quantities2.4.1 Condensed phase2.4.2 Normal phase2.4.3 Specific heat close to Tc2.5 Effect of finite particle numberProblemsReferences3 Atomic properties3.1 Atomic structure3.2 The Zeeman effect3.3 Response to an electric field3.4 Energy scalesProblemsReferences4 Trapping and cooling of atoms4.1 Magnetic traps4.1.1 The quadrupole trap4.1.2 The TOP trap4.1.3 Magnetic bottles and the Ioffe-Pritchard trap4.1.4 Microtraps4.2 Influence of laser light on an atom4.2.1 Forces on an atom in a laser field4.2.2 Opticaltraps4.3 Laser cooling： the Doppler process4.4 The magneto-optical trap4.5 Sisyphus cooling4.6 Evaporative cooling4.7 Spin-polarized hydrogenProblemsReferences5 Interactions between atoms5.1 Interatomic potentials and the van der Waals interaction5.2 Basic scattering theory5.2.1 Effective interactions and the scattering length5.3 Scattering length for a model potential5.4 Scattering between different internal states5.4.1 Inelastic processes5.4.2 Elastic scattering and Feshbach resonances5.5 Determination of scattering lengths5.5.1 Scattering lengths for alkali atoms and hydrogenProblemsReferences6 Theory of the condensed state6.1 The Gross-Pitaevskii equation6.2 The ground state for trapped bosons6.2.1 A variational calculation6.2.2 The Thomas-Fermi approximation6.3 Surface structure of clouds6.4 Healing of the condensate wave function……7 Dynamics of the condensate8 Microscopic theory of the Bose gas9 Rotating condensates10 Superfluidity11 Trapped clouds at non-zero temperature12 Mixtures and spinor condensates13 Interference and correlations14 0ptical lattices15 Lower dimensions16 Fermions17 From atoms to molecules

The experimental discovery of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped atomic clouds opened up the exploration of quantum phenomena in a qualitatively new regime. Our aim in the present work is to provide an introduction to this rapidly developing field.　　The study of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases draws on many different subfields of physics. Atomic physics provides the basic methods for creating and manipulating these systems， and the physical data required to characterize them. Because interactions between atoms play a key role in the behaviour of ultracold atomic clouds， concepts and methods from condensed matter physics are used extensively. Investigations of spatial and temporal correlations of particles provide links to quantum optics， where related studies have been made for photons. Trapped atomic clouds have some similarities to atomic nuclei， and insights from nuclear physics have been helpful in understanding their properties.