材料手册

Introduction

19Gases

19.1 Properties of Gases

19.1.1 Pressure

19.1.2 The Boyle—Mariotte Law

19.1.3 Charles and Gay—Lussac's Law

19.1.4 The Avogadro—Ampere Law

19.1.5 Normal and Standard Conditions

19.1.6 Equation of State ofldeal Gases

19.1.7 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure

19.1.8 Equations ofState ofRealGases

19.1.8.1 Van der Waals Equation of State

19.1.8.2 Virial Equation of State

19.1.9 Density and Specific Gravity of Gases

19.1.10 Barometric Equation

19.1.11 Isobaric Coefficient ofCubic Expansion

19.1.12 Compressibility Factor

19.1.13 Isotherms of Real Gases and Critical Constants

19.1.14 Critical Parameters

19.1.15 The Principle of Corresponding States

19.1.16 Microscopic Properties of Gas Molecules

19.1.17 Molar and Specific Heat Capacities

19.1.18 Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosities

19.1.19 Solubility ofGasesin Liquids

19.1.20 Gas Permeability ofPolymers

19.1.21 Dielectric Properties of Gases， Permittivity and Breakdown Voltage

19.1.22 Psychrometry and Hygromet

19.1.23 Vapor Pressure

19.1.23.1 Absolute Humidity or Humidity Ratio

19.1.23.2 Mass Fraction ofWater Vapor or Specific Humidity

19.1.23.3 Relative Humidity

19.1.23.4 Humid Heat

19.1.23.5 Humid or Specific Volume

19.1.23.6 Dry—Bulb Temperature

19.1.23.7 Wet—Bulb Temperature

19.1.23.8 Wet—Bulb Depression

19.1.23.9 Dew Point Temperature

19.1.23.10 Specific Enthalpy

19.1.23.11 Latent Heat of Fusion

19.1.23.12 Latent Heat of Vaporizatio

19.1.23.13 Refractivity of Moist Air

19.1.23.14 Psychrometric Charts

19.1.23.15 Psychrometric Equations

19.1.24 Flammability of Gases and Vapo

19.1.24.1 Flammability Limits

19.1.24.2 Explosive Limits

19.1.24.3 Autoignition Temperature

19.1.24.4 IgnitionEnergy

19.1.24.5 Maximum Explosion Pressure

19.1.24.6 Maximum Rate ofPressure Rise

19.1.24.7 High and Low Heating Values

19.1.25 Toxicity of Gases and Threshold Limit Averages

19.2 Physico—Chemical Properties of Major Gases

19.3 Monograplues on Major Industrial Gases

19.3.1 Air

19.3.2 Nitrogen

19.3.3 Oxygen

19.3.4 Hydrogen

19.3.5 Methane

19.3.6 Carbon Monoxide

19.3.7 Carbon Dioxide

19.3.8 Helium and Noble Gases

19.3.8.1 Neon

19.3.8.2 Argom

19.3.8.3 Krypton

19.3.8.4 Xenon

19.3.8.5 Radon

19.4 Halocarbons

19.5 Hydrates of Gases and Clathrates

19.6 Materials for Drying and Purifying Gases

19.6.1 Drying Agents and Dessicants

19.6.2 Molecular Sieves

19.6.3 Getters and Scavengers

19.7 Producers and Manufacturers of Major Industrial Gases

19.8 Further Reading

20 Liquids

20.1 Propertie sof Liquids

20.1.1 Density and Speafic Gravity

20.1.2 Hydrometer Scales

20.1.3 Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosit

20.1.3.1 Shear Stress

20.1.3.2 Shear Rate

20.1.3.3 Absolute or Dynamic Viscosity

20.1.3.4 Kinematic Viscosity

20.1.3.5 Temperature Dependence of the Dynamic Viscosity

20.1.4 Classification of Fluids

20.1.5 The Hagen—Poiseuille Equation and Pressure Losses

20.1.5.1 Pressure Drop

20.1.5.2 Friction Losses

20.1.6 Sedimentation and Free settling

20.1.7 Vapor Pressure

20.1.8 Surface Tension， Wetting and Capillarity

20.1.8.1 Surface Tension

20.1.8.2 Temperature Dependence and Order of Magnitude of Surface Tension

20.1.8.3 Parachor and Walden's Rule

20.1.8.4 Wetting

20.1.8.5 Contact Angle

20.1.8.6 Young's Equation

20.1.8.7 Work of Cohesion， Work of Adhesion and Spreading Coefficient

20.1.8.8 Two Liquids and a Solid

20.1.8.9 Antonoffs Rule

20.1.8.10 Capillarity and the Young—Laplace Equation

20.1.8.11 Jurin's Law

20.1.8.12 Measurements of Surface Tension

20.1.9 Colligative Properties of Nonvolatile Solutes

20.1.9.1 Raoult's Law for Boiling Point Elevation

20.1.9.2 Raoult's Law and Freezing Point Depression

20.1.9.3 Van't Hoff Law for Osmotic Pressure

20.1.10 Flammability of Liquids

20.2 Properties of Most Common Liquids

20.3 Monographies on Liquids

20.3.1 Properties ofWater and Heavy Water

20.3.2 Properties of Liquid Acids and Bases

20.3.3 Properties of Heavy Liquids （Heavy Media）

20.3.3.1 Dense Halogenated Organic Solvents

20.3.3.2 Dense Aqueous Solutions oflnorganic Salts

20.3.3.3 Low Temperature of Molten Inorganic Salts

20.3.3.4 Dense Emulsions and Suspensions

20.3.3.5 Paramagnetic Liquid Oxygen

20.4 Properties of Liquid Metals

20.5 Properties of Molten Salts

20.6 Properties of Heat Transfer Fluids

20.7 Colloidal and Dispersed Systems

20.8 Further Reading

Index

《材料手册8:气体、液体(英文版)》系Springer手册精选原版系列。《材料手册8:气体、液体(英文版)》主要包括Gases、Properties of Gases、Pressure、The Boyle—Mariotte Law、Charles and Gay—Lussac's Law、The Avogadro—Ampere Law、Normal and Standard Conditions、Equation of State ofldeal Gases、Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure等内容。