如何写作科研论文

1Basicrulesofwriting写作基础/1?

Brevity/2?

Logicandclarity/2?

Cleantyping/3

2Commentsonscientificlanguage科技语言的使用/4?

Englishasaforeignlanguage/5?

Followthe“leitmotif”/7?

Verbosity/8?

He/she/9?

Activeorpassivevoice/10?

Tense/12?

Nounclustersandmodifiers/13?

Prevalenceandincidence/14?

Avoidtheuseof“respectively”/15?

The“and/or”construction/15?

Unnecessaryhedging/16?

Howoldisyoung?/16?

Avoidsynonymstoachieveelegantvariation/18?

Theremoteverb/18

3Draftingthemanuscript草稿/20?

Writedownyourthoughtsastheyarise/21?

Whereandwhentowrite?/21?

Theotherwayaround/23?

Handwritingorwordprocessing?/24

4Choosingajournal选择发表的杂志/25?

Instructionstoauthors/27

5Preparingagraph准备图表/28?

Thelinegraph/28?

Thechart/32?

Beforesubmission/49

6Drawings绘图/50

7Figurelegends图例/53

8Howtodesigntables设计表格/55?

Thedescriptivetitle/55?

Thedeclarativetitle/56?

Roundingoff/57?

Tableorgraph?/58

9Title标题/62?

Wheneverpossible,useadeclarativeratherthananeutraltitle/62?

Titlesendingwithaquestionmark/64?

Beginwiththekeywords/64?

Useverbsinsteadofabstractnouns/65?

Avoidabbreviationsinthetitle/65?

Atitleforyourthesis/66?

Runningtitle/67

10Authors作者/69?

Guidelinesonauthorship/69?

Thecontributorslist/71?

Aquestionofcoauthorship/73

11Abstract摘要/75?

Theconventionalabstract/76?

Thestructuredabstract/76

12Introduction前言/79

13Methods方法/82?

Thesubjects/83?

Informedconsent/84?

Omissionsinreportingofrandomizedcontrolledtrials/85

14Results结果/89?

Participantflowandfollow-up/89?

Studyoutcome/94

15Discussion讨论/96?

Evaluatetheresults-nottheauthors/100?

Avoidclaimingpriority/100?

Thereference-13trick/101

16Acknowledgments致谢/103?

Alwaysgivecreditforfinancialsupport/104

17References参考文献/106?

VancouverversusHarvardstyle?/107?

Accuracyofreferencesandquotations/112?

Yourownauthorname/114?

Chinesenames/114?

Anonymous/115?

Recordtitlesinthelanguageofpublication/117?

Namesofjournals/118?

HowtorefertoWorldWideWeb/118

18Ph.D.andotherdoctoraltheses博士学位论文/120?

Compilations:thethesesofthefuture/121?

Contributors/122?

Thesisataglance/124?

Generalintroduction/124?

Aims/125?

Methodsandresults/126?

Generaldiscussion/127?

Acknowledgments/128?

Coverillustration/129?

Afreshlook/130?

Thestructureofthethesisoverview/131

19Lettersandcasereports快报及事例报告/134?

Thethalidomideletter/134?

Transformingapaperintoaletter/136?

Casereports/136

20Numbers数字/140?

Twonumberssidebyside/141?

Decimalpoint/142?

Thousands/142?

Numberswithseveralzeros/142?

Quotientsofunits/143?

Percentages/144?

Roundingtotwosignificantdigits/145?

Enumeration/146?

Whatdowemeanby“often”?/146

21Abbreviations缩写词/147?

Unitsofmeasure/148?

Generalprinciples/149

22Howtopresentstatisticalresults呈现统计结果/151?

Usingmeanwhenmedianismeant/152?

Usingstandarderrorinsteadofstandarddeviation/153?

Failuretodistinguishbetweenstatisticalsignificance

andbiologicalimportance/153?

Selectedpresentationofmultiplestatisticaltesting/154?

Overinterpretationofsubgroupeffects/155?

Usingrelativeinsteadofabsolutefigures/156?

Somefurthercomments/157

23Typing打印/159?

Donotmimicthejournal’sstyle/169?

Thelengthofthemanuscript/169?

Theimportanceofpunctuation/170

24Dealingwitheditorsandreferees编辑与审稿人/172?

Dorefereesdelay?/173?

Unpublishedwork/174?

Shorteningthemanuscript/175?

Acceptedorrejected/176

25Correctingproofs校对/178?

Howtoreadproof/178?

Whattocorrect/179?

Correctionmarks/180?

Electronicproof/181

26Authors’responsibilities作者的职责/184?

Subjects’righttoprivacy/184?

Duplicatesubmission/185?

Borrowingpublishedmaterial/186?

Savingyouroriginaldata/190

Literatureneededonyourdesk必备参考资料/193?

Onphraseology/193?

Onsynonyms/193?

Onmanuscriptpreparation/193?

Onhowtoabbreviateajournal’stitle/193

Furtherreading进一步阅读/194?

Guidestowriting/194?

Punctuation/195?

TheEnglishlanguage/195?

Stylemanuals/195?

Illustrations/195?

Statistics/195

Literaturecited引用文献/196

Index索引/203

　　本书从怎样准备论文写作开始，讲解如何确定投稿的杂志，如何提交论文，直到如何校对稿件，对从论文书写到发表的全过程提供了可操作性极强的指导。本版内容通俗易懂、结构合理。详细讨论了图例，特别是图表的使用，部分实例提供了正反两方面的图示比较。　　本书可帮助初级写作者，以及有经验的作者更有效地展现其科研成果，特别适合生物学、医学相关学科。本版仍然保留了第1版通俗易懂、结构合理的特点，并且增加了博士论文写作的建议，详述实例报告的写作方法；详细讨论了图例，特别是图表的使用，部分实例提供了正反两方面的图示比较。本书从怎样准备论文写作开始，讲解如何确定投稿的杂志，如何提交论文，直到如何校对稿件，对从论文书写到发表的全过程提供了可操作性极强的指导。【作者简介】　　教授医学博士研究生科技论文写作课程25年，多年从事期刊编辑工作。本书是他教学及实际工作经验的结晶。