中国特有湿地甲烷排放 : 案例研究、整合分析与模型模拟

Chapter 1 Methane is an Important Greenhouse Gas

1.1 Methane as an Important Greenhouse Gas

1.2 Methane Emission Processes in Wetlands

1.3 Wetlands as an Important Source of Methane

1.4 Briefly Advances in Studies about Methane Emissions from

Wetlands in China

1.5 Zoige Alpine Wetlands and Methane Emissions

1.6 Three Gorges Reservoir and Methane Emissions

1.7 Objectives

References

Chapter 2 Methane Emissions from Zoige Alpine Wetlands

2.1 Diurnal Variation of Methane Emissions from an Alpine Wetland

2.1.1 Introduction

2.1.2 Materials and Methods

2.1.3 Results

2.1.4 Discussion

2.1.5 Conclusions

2.2 Determinants Influencing Seasonal Variations of Methane Emissions

from Alpine Wetlands in Zoige Plateau and Their Implications

2.2.1 Introduction

2.2.2 Materials and Methods

2.2.3 Results

2.2.4 Discussion

2.2.5 Conclusions

2.3 Spatial Variations on Methane Emissions from Zoige Alpine Wetlands

2.3.1 Introduction

2.3.2 Materials and Methods

2.3.3 Results

2.3.4 Discussion

2.3.5 Conclusions

2.4 Methane Effluxes from Littoral Zone of a Lake on QinghaiTibetan Plateau

2.4.1 Introduction

2.4.2 Materials and Methods

2.4.3 Results

2.4.4 Discussion

2.5 Methane Fluxes from Alpine Wetlands of Zoige Plateau in Relation

to Water Regime and Vegetation under Two Scales

2.5.1 Introduction

2.5.2 Materials and Methods

2.5.3 Results

2.5.4 Discussion

2.5.5 Conclusions

2.6 Interannual Variations of Methane Emission from an Open Fen on

QinghaiTibetan Plateau： a Threeyear Study

2.6.1 Introduction

2.6.2 Materials and Methods

2.6.3 Results

2.6.4 Discussion

References

Chapter 3 Methane Emissions from Three Gorges

Reservoir

3.1 Methane Emissions from Newly Created Marshes in Drawdown Area

of Three Gorges Reservoir

3.1.1 Introduction

3.1.2 Materials and Methods

3.1.3 Results

3.1.4 Discussion

3.2 Methane Emissions from Surface of Three Gorge Dam Reservoir

3.2.1 Introduction

3.2.2 Materials and Methods

3.2.3 Results and Discussions

References

Chapter 4 Methanogens and Methanogensis in Zoige Wetlands

4.1 Methanogenic Communities in Zoige Wetlands

4.1.1 Methanogenic Communities Composition in Zoige Wetlands

4.1.2 New Methanogenic Species in Zoige Wetlands

4.2 Influencing Factors of Methanogenic Community Structure in Zoige Wetlands

4.2.1 Vegetation Type

4.2.2 Temperature

4.2.3 Declining Precipitation

References

Chapter 5 Methane Emissions from Rice Paddies~ Natural

Wetlands and Lakes in China

5.1 CH4 Emission Rates from Rice Paddies in China

5.1.1 Rice Cultivation in China and Overview of Its CH4 Emission Estimates

5.1.2 CH4 Emissions from Rice Paddies in China

5.2 CH4 Emission Rates from Natural Wetlands in China

5.2.1 Natural Wetlands in China and Overview of Their CH4 Emission Estimates

5.2.2 CH4 Emissions from Natural Wetlands in China

5.3 CH4 Emission Rates from Lakes and Reservoirs in China

5.3.1 Lakes and Reservoirs in China and Overview of Their CH4 Emission Estimates

5.3.2 CH4 Emission Rates from Lakes and Reservoirs in China

5.4 CH4 Emission Rate Estimation

5.4.1 CHa Emission Rate Estimation from Rice Paddies in China

5.4.2 CH4 Emission Estimation from Natural Wetlands in China

5.4.3 CH4 Emission Estimates from Lakes and Reservoirs in China

5.4.4 Total CH4 Emissions from Rice Paddies， Wetlands and Lakes

in China

5.5 Limitations， Uncertainties and Future Directions

References

Chapter 6 Modelling Methane Emissions of Wetlands in China

6.1 Overview of Methane Emission Modelling

6.2 Wetland Methane Emission Model Construction

6.2.1 Integrated Biosphere Simulator and Water Table Modelling

6.2.2 Methane Module

6.3 Wetland Methane Emission Model Validation and Sensitivity

Analysis

6.3.1 Sensitivity Index for Initial Sensitivity Analysis

6.3.2 Initial Sensitivity Analysis

6.3.3 Model Performance in China

References

Index

气候变化已经成为人类21世纪最大的挑战之一，因此受到了前所未有的关注。温室气体排放是气候变化重要的成因。甲烷是继二氧化碳之后最为重要的一种含碳温室气体，其产生、氧化以及排放机制受到了广泛聚焦：作为大气甲烷重要源，湿地甲烷通量及其相关生态过程的研究已经是全球变化生态学研究的热点和前沿之一。《全球变化与地球系统科学系列·中国特有湿地甲烷排放：案例研究、整合分析与模型模拟》从生态学、湿地科学、分子生态学及生态模型等学科出发，全面系统地阐释中国特有湿地甲烷排放及其相关过程。
　　《全球变化与地球系统科学系列·中国特有湿地甲烷排放：案例研究、整合分析与模型模拟》共分6章，第1章阐述了甲烷及湿地甲烷排放的机理和常识；第2章系统介绍我国特有的若尔盖高原湿地甲烷排放系统，包括若尔盖湿地甲烷排放的昼夜动态、季节动态、年际动态及其不同尺度的空间异质性；第3章介绍我国特有的三峡水库水面及消落带甲烷排放的特征；第4章介绍若尔盖湿地甲烷菌群落及其结构特征；第5章整合分析了我国稻田、自然湿地及湖泊甲烷排放并对这三个甲烷源重新估计；第6 章提供了湿地甲烷模型及其验证。

This book is intended to introduce CH4 fluxes from wetlands to climate ma—nagers，policy makers，practicing scientists，modellists，advanced undergraduatestudents，beginning graduate students from a wide array of disciplines，such asecologG climatology，geographyj forestry，microbiology，etc．We also provideaccess to the rapidly expanding literature in CH4 fluxes of wetlands in Chinathat contribute to fully understanding of the budget of CH4 fluxes of wetlandsin China and their trends．