材料手册

Introduction

5 Semiconductors

5.1 Band Theory of Bonding in Crystalline Solids

5.2 Electrical Classification of Solids

5.3 Semiconductor Classes

5.3.1 Intrinsic or Elemental Semiconductors

5.3.2 Doped Extrinsic Semiconductors

5.3.3 Compound Semiconductors

5.3.4 Grimm—Sommerfeld Rule

5.4 Concentrations of Charge Carriers

5.5 Transport Properties

5.5.1 Electro migration

5.5.2 Diffusion

5.5.3 Hall Effect

5.6 Physical Properties of Semiconductors

5.7 Industrial Applications and Uses

5.8 Common Semiconductors

5.8.1 Silicon

5.8.2 Germanium

5.8.3 Boron

5.8.4 Other Semiconductors

5.9 Semiconductor Wafer Processing

5.9.1 Monocrystal Growth

5.9.2 Wafer Production

5.10 The P—N Junction

5.11 Further Reading

6 Superconductors

6.1 Description and General Properties

6.2 Superconductor Types

6.2.1 Type Ⅰ Superconductors

6.2.2 Type Ⅱ Superconductors

6.2.3 High—critical—temperature Superconductors

6.2.4 Organic Superconductors

6.3 BasicTheory

6.4 Meissner—Ochsenfeld Effect

6.5 History

6.6 Industrial Applications and Uses

6.7 Further Reading

7 Magnetic Materials

7.1 Magnetic Physical Quantities

7.1.1 Magnetic Field Strength and Magnetomotive Force

7.1.2 Magnetic Flux Density and Magnetic Induction

7.1.3 Magnetic Flux

7.1.4 Magnetic Dipole Moment

7.1.5 Magnetizability，Magnetization，and Magnetic Susceptibility

7.1.6 Magnetic Force Exerted on a Material

7.1.7 Magnetic Force Exerted by Magnets

7.1.8 Magnetic Energy Density Stored

7.1.9 Magnetoresistance

7.1.10 Magnetostriction

7.1.11 Magnetocaloric Effect

7.1.12 SI and CGS Units Used in Electromagnetism

7.2 Classification of Magnetic Materi

7.2.1 Diamagnetic Materials

7.2.2 Paramagnetic Materials

7.2.3 Ferromagnetic Materials

7.2.4 Antiferromagnetic Materials

7.2.5 Ferrimagnetic Materials

7.3 Ferromagnetic Materials

7.3.1 B—H Magnetization Curve and Hysteresis Loop

7.3.2 Eddy—Current Losses

7.3.3 Induction Heating

7.3.4 Soft Ferromagnetic Materials

7.3.5 Hard Magnetic Materials

7.3.6 Magnetic Shielding and Materials Selection

7.4 Industrial Applications of Magnetic Materials

7.5 Further Reading

8 Insulators and Dielectrics

8.1 Physical Quantities of Dielectrics

8.1.1 Permittivity of Vacuum

8.1.2 Permittivity of a Medium

8.1.3 Relative Permittivity and Dielectric Constant

8.1.4 Capacitance

8.1.5 Temperature Coefficient of Capacitance

8.1.6 Charging and Discharging a Capacitor

8.1.7 Capacitance of a Parallel—Electrode Capacitor

8.1.8 Capacitance of Other Capacitor Geometries

8.1.9 Electrostatic Energy Stored in a Capacitor

8.1.10 Electric Field Strength

8.1.11 Electric Flux Density

8.1.12 Microscopic Electric Dipole Moment

8.1.13 Polarizability

8.1.14 Macroscopic Electric Dipole Moment

8.1.15 P olarization

8.1.16 Electric Susceptibility

8.1.17 Dielectric Breakdown Voltage

8.1.18 Dielectric Absorption

8.1.19 Dielectric Losses

8.1.20 Loss Tangent or Dissipation Factor

8.1.21 Dielectric Heating

8.2 Physical Properties of Insulators

8.2.1 Insulation Resistance

8.2.2 Volume Electrical Resistivity

8.2.3 Temperature Coefficient of Electrical Resistivity

8.2.4 Surface Electrical Resistivity

8.2.5 Leakage Current

8.2.6 SI and CGS Units Used in Electricity

8.3 Dielectric Behavior

8.3.1 Electronic Polarization

8.3.2 Ionic Polarization

8.3.3 Dipole Orientation

8.3.4 Space Charge Polarization

8.3.5 Effect of Frequency on Polarization

8.3.6 Frequency Dependence of the Dielectric Losses

8.4 Dielectric Breakdown Mechanisms

8.4.1 Electronic Breakdown or Corona Mechanism

8.4.2 Thermal Discharge or Thermal Mechanism

8.4.3 Internal Discharge or Intrinsic Mechanism

8.5 Electrostriction

8.6 Piezoelectricity

8.7 Ferroelectrics

8.8 Aging of Ferroelectrics

8.9 Classification oflndustrial Dielectrics

8.9.1 Class Ⅰ Dielectrics or Linear Dielectrics

8.9.2 Class Ⅱ Dielectrics or Ferroelectrics

8.10 Selected Properties of Insulators and Dielectric Materials

8.11 Further Reading

9 Miscellaneous Electrical Material

9.1 Thermocouple Materials

9.1.1 The Seebeck Effect

9.1.2 Thermocouple

9.1.3 Properties of Common Thermocouple Materials

9.2 Resistors and Thermistors

9.2.1 Electrical Resistivity

9.2.2 Temperature Coefficient of Electrical Resistivity

9.3 Electron—emitting Materials

9.4 Photocathode Materials

9.5 Secondary Emission

9.6 Electrolytes

9.7 Electrode Materials

9.7.1 Electrode Materials for Batteries and Fuel Cells

9.7.2 Intercalation Compounds

9.7.3 Electrode Materials for Electrolyt

9.7.3.1 Industrial Cathode Materials

9.7.3.1.1 Low—Carbon Steel Cathodes

9.7.3.1.2 Aluminum Cathodes

9.7.3.1.3 Titanium Cathodes

9.7.3.1.4 Zirconium Cathodes

9.7.3.1.5 Nickel Cathodes

9.7.3.1.6 Mercury Cathode

9.7.3.2 Industrial Anode Materials

9.7.3.2.1 Precious— and Noble—Metal Anodes

9.7.3.2.2 Lead and Lead—AlloyAnodes

9.7.3.2.3 Carbon Anodes

9.7.3.2.4 Lead Dioxide （PbO2）

9.7.3.2.5 Manganese Dioxide （MnO2）

9.7.3.2.6 Spinel（AB204）— and Perovskite

（ABO3）—Type Oxides

9.7.3.2.7 Ebonex （Ti4O7 and Ti5O9）

9.7.3.2.8 Noble—Metal—Coated Titanium Anodes （ NMCT）

9.7.3.2.9 Platinized Titanium and Niobium Anodes（70／30 Pt／Ir）

9.7.3.2.10 Dimensionally Stable Anodes （DSA）for Chlorine Evolution

9.7.3.2.11 Dimensionally Stable Anodes （DSA） for Oxygen

9.7.3.2.12 Synthetic Diamond Electrodes

9.7.4 Electrodes for Corrosion Protection and Control

9.7.4.1 Cathodes for Anodic Protection

9.7.4.2 Anodes for Cathodic Protection

9.7.5 Electrode Suppliers and Manufacturers

9.8 Electrochemical Galvanic Series

Index

《材料手册4：半导体、超导体、磁性材料、绝缘体、电介质、其他电器材料（英文版）》系Springer手册精选原版系列。《材料手册4：半导体、超导体、磁性材料、绝缘体、电介质、其他电器材料（英文版）》主要包括Semiconductors、Superconductors、Magnetic Materials、Insulators and Dielectrics、Miscellaneous Electrical Material、 Band Theory of Bonding in Crystalline Solids、Electrical Classification of Solids、Semiconductor Classes等内容。