语用学

Preface

Acknowledgements

Symbols and abbreviations

1. Introduction

1.1. What is pragmatics?

1.1.1. Adefinition

1.1.2. A brief history of pragmatics

1.1.3. Two main schools of thought in pragmatics： Anglo-American versus European Continental

1.2. Why pragmatics?

1.2.1. Linguistic underdeterminacy

1.2.2. Simplification of semantics and syntax

1.3. Some basic notions in semantics and pragmatics

1.3.1. Sentence， utterance， proposition

1.3.2. Context

1.3.3. Truth value， truth condition， entailment

1.4. Organization of the book

Key concepts

Exercises and essay questions

Further readings

Part Ⅰ Central topics in pragmatics

2. Implicature

2.1. Classical Gricean theory of conversational implicature

2.1.1. The co-operative principle and the maxims of conversation

2.1.2. Relationship between the speaker and the maxims

2.1.3. Conversational implicatureo versus conversational implicature

2.1.4. Generalized versus particularized conversational implicature

2.1.5. Properties of conversational implicature

2.2. Two neo-Gricean pragmatic theories of conversational implicature

2.2.1. The Hornian system

2.2.2. The Levinsonian system

2.3. Conventional implicature

2.3.1. What is conventional implicature?

2.3.2. Properties of conventional implicature

2.4. Summary

Key concepts

Exercises and essay questions

Further readings

3. Presupposition

3.1. What is presupposition?

3.2. Properties of presupposition

3.2.1. Constancy under negation

3.2.2. Defeasibility

3.2.3. The projection problem

3.3. Analyses

3.3.1. The filtering-satisfaction analysis

3.3.2. The cancellation analysis

3.3.3. The accommodation analysis

3.4. Summary

Key concepts

Exercises and essay questions

Further readings

4. Speech acts

4.1. Performativesversus constatives

4.1.1. The performative/constative dichotomy

4.1.2. The performative hypothesis

4.2. Austins felicity conditions on performatives

4.3. Locutionary， illocutionary， and perlocutionary speech acts

4.4. Searles felicity conditions on speech acts

4.5. Searles typology of speech acts

4.6. Indirect speech acts

4.6.1. What is an indirect speech act?

4.6.2. How is an indirect speech act analysed?

4.6.3. Why is an indirect speech act used? Some remarks on politeness

4.7. Speech acts and culture

4.7.1. Cross-cultural variation

4.7.2. Interlanguage variation

4.8. Summary

Key concepts

Exercises and essay questions

Further readings

5. Deixis

5.1. Preliminaries

5.1.1. Deictic versus non-deictic expression

5.1.2. Gestural versus symbolic use of a deictic expression

5.1.3. Deictic centre and deictic projection

5.2. Basic categories of deixis

5.2.1. Person deixis

5.2.2. Time deixis

5.2.3. Space deixis

5.3 Other categories of deixis

5.3.1. Social deixis

5.3.2. Discourse deixis

5.4. Summary

Key concepts

Exercises and essay questions

Further readings

Part Ⅱ Pragmatics and its interfaces

6. Pragmatics and cognition： relevance theory

6.1. Relevance

6.1.1. The cognitive principle of relevance

6.1.2. The communicative principle of relevance

6.2. Explicature， implicature， and conceptual versus procedural meaning

6.2.1. Grice： what is said versus what is implicated

6.2.2. Explicature

6.2.3. Implicature

6.2.4. Conceptual versus procedural meaning

6.3. From Fodorian central process to submodule of theory of mind

6.3.1. Fodorian theory of cognitive modularity

6.3.2. Sperber and Wilsons earlier position： pragmatics as Fodorian central process

6.3.3. Sperber and Wilsons current position： pragmatics as submodule oftheory of mind

6.4. Relevance theory compared with classical/neo-Gricean theory

6.5. Summary

Key concepts

Exercises and essay questions

Further readings

7. Pragmatics and semantics

7.1. Reductionism versus complementarism

7.2. Drawing the semantics-pragmatics distinction

7.2.1. Truth-conditional versus non-truth-conditional meaning

7.2.2. Conventional versus non-conventional meaning

7.2.3. Context independence versus context dependence

7.3. Pragmatic intrusion into what is said and the semantics-pragmatics interface

7.3.1. Grice： what is said versus what is implicated revisited

7.3.2. Relevance theorists： explicature

7.3.3. Recanati： the pragmatically enriched said

7.3.4. Bach： conversational impliciture

7.3.5. Can explicature/the pragmatically enriched said/impliciture be distinguished from implicature?

7.3.6. Levinson： conversational implicature

7.3.7. The five analyses compared

7.4. Summary

Key concepts

Exercises and essay questions

Further readings

8. Pragmatics and syntax

8.1. Chomskys views about language and linguistics

8.2. Chomskys binding theory

8.3. Problems for Chomskys binding theory

8.3.1. Binding condition A

8.3.2. Binding condition B

8.3.3. Complementarity between anaphors and pronominals

8.3.4. Binding condition C

8.4 A revised neo-Gricean pragmatic theory of anaphora

8.4.1. The general pattern of anaphora

8.4.2. A revised neo-Gricean pragmatic apparatus for anaphora

8.4.3. The binding patterns

8.4.4. Beyond the binding patterns

8.4.5. Logophoricity and emphaticness/contrastiveness

8.5. Theoretical implications

8.6. Summary

Key concepts

Exercises and essay questions

Further readings

Glossary

References

Suggested solutions to exercises

Index of names

Index of languages， language families， and language areas

Index of subjects

《语用学》一书作者对语用学与句法学以及语义学的界面进行研究，为我们展现出了一幅比较完整的语用学研究图景。全书『见解独到、内容新颖，是一部优秀的语用学教科书。《语用学》作者黄衍早年留学英国，师从著名语用学家Stephell C.Levinson，获剑桥大学博士学位，后冉获牛津大学博士学位，并曾在这两所人学及雷丁大学执教。黄衍现为新西兰奥克兰久学语言学及应用语言学系教授。