热物理学导论

Preface

PartI:Fundamentals

Chapter1EnergyinThermalPhysics

1.1ThermalEquilibrium

1.2TheIdealGas

MicroscopicModelofanIdealGas

1.3EquipartitionofEnergy

1.4HeatandWork

1.5CompressionWork

CompressionofanIdealGas

1.6HeatCapacities

LatentHeat;Enthalpy

1.7RatesofProcesses

HeatConduction;ConductivityofanIdealGas;

Viscosity;Diffusion

Chapter2TheSecondLaw

2.1Two-StateSystems

TheTwo-StateParamagnet

2.2TheEinsteinModelofaSolid

2.3InteractingSystems

2.4LargeSystems

VeryLargeNumbers;StirlingsApproximation;

MultiplicityofaLargeEinsteinSolid;

SharpnessoftheMultiplicityFunction

2.5TheIdealGas

MultiplicityofaMonatomicIdealGas;

InteractingIdealCases

2.6Entropy

EntropyofanIdealGas;EntropyofMixing;

ReversibleandIrreversibleProcesses

Chapter3InteractionsandImplications

3.1Temperature

ASillyAnalogy;Real-WorldExamples

3.2EntropyandHeat

PredictingHeatCapacities;MeasuringEntropies;

TheMacroscopicViewofEntropy

3.3Paramagnetism

NotationandMicroscopicPhysics;NumericalSolution;

AnalyticSolution

3.4MechanicalEquilibriumandPressure

TheThermodynamicIdentity;EntropyandHeatRevisited

3.5DiffusiveEquilibriumandChemicalPotential

3.6SummaryandaLookAhead

PartII:Thermodynamics

Chapter4EnginesandRefrigerators

4.1HeatEngines

TheCarnotCycle

4.2Refrigerators

4.3RealHeatEngines

InternalCombustionEngines;TheSteamEngine

4.4RealRefrigerators

TheThrottlingProcess;LiquefactionofGases;

TowardAbsoluteZero

Chapter5FreeEnergyandChemicalThermodynamics

5.1FreeEnergyasAvailableWork

Electrolysis,FuelCells,andBatteries;

ThermodynamicIdentities

5.2FreeEnergyasaForcetowardEquilibrium

ExtensiveandIntensiveQuantities;GibbsFreeEnergy

andChemicalPotential

5.3PhaseTransformationsofPureSubstances

DiamondsandS]Graphite;TheClausius-Clapeyron

Relation;ThevanderWaalsModel

5.4PhaseTransformationsofMixtures

FreeEnergyofaMixture;PhaseChangesofaMiscible

Mixture;PhaseChangesofaEutecticSystem

5,5DiluteSolutions

SolventandSoluteChemicalPotentials;OsmoticPressure;

BoilingandFreezingPoints

5.6ChemicalEquilibrium

NitrogenFixation;DissociationofWater;Oxygen

DissolvinginWater;IonizationofHydrogen

PartIII:StatisticalMechanics

Chapter6BoltzmannStatistics

6.1TheBoltzmannFactor

ThePartitionFunction;ThermalExcitationofAtoms

6.2AverageValues

Paramagnetism;RotationofDiatomicMolecules

6.3TheEquipartitionTheorem

6.4TheMaxwellSpeedDistribution

6.5PartitionFunctionsandFreeEnergy

6.6PartitionFunctionsforCompositeSystems

6.7IdealGasRevisited

ThePartitionFunction;Predictions

Chapter7QuantumStatistics

7.1TheGibbsFactor

AnExample:CarbonMonoxidePoisoning

7.2BosonsandFermions

TheDistributionFunctions

7.3DegenerateFermiGases

ZeroTemperature;SmallNonzeroTemperatures;

TheDensityofStates;TheSommerfeldExpansion

7.4BlackbodyRadiation

TheUltravioletCatastrophe;ThePlanckDistribution;

Photons;SummingoverModes;ThePlanckSpectrum;

TotalEnergy;EntropyofaPhotonGas;TheCosmic

BackgroundRadiation;PhotonsEscapingthroughaHole;

RadiationfromOther

Real-WorldExamples;WhyDoesitHappen?

Chapter8SystemsofInteractingParticles

8.1WeaklyInteractingGases

ThePartitionFhnction;TheClusterExpansion;

TheSecondVirialCoefficient

8.2TheIsingModelofaFerromagnet

ExactSolutioninOneDimension;

TheMeanFieldApproximation;

MonteCarloSimulation

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