文化话语视角下的英汉语言对比研究

Chapter 1 Language and Culture

1.1 Language

1.1.1 The Definition of Language

1.1.2 The Components of Language

1.1.3 The Characteristics of Language

1.2 Culture

1.2.1 The Definition of Culture

1.2.2 The Components of Culture

1.2.3 The Characteristics of Culture

1.2.4 The Elements of Cultural Patterns

1.2.5 High-context and Low-context Cultural Patterns

1.2.6 Culture and Related Terms

1.3 Relationship between Language and Culture

1.3.1 Language Is Part of Culture

1.3.2 Language Is the Carrier and Container of Culture

1.3.3 Language Is Strongly Influenced and Shaped by Culture

1.3.4 Language Exerts Its Influence on Culture

1.3.5 Language and Culture Influence and Shape Each Other.

Chapter 2 Discourse and Semiotics

2.1 Discourse

2.1.1 The Definition of Discourse

2.1.2 Language and Discourse

2.1.3 The Definition of Discourse Analysis

2.1.4 Cultural Discourse

2.2 Semiotics

2.2.1 The Definition of Semiotics

2.2.2 Sign Systems

2.2.3 Cultural Semiotics

2.2.4 Codes

2.2.5 Symbols

2.2.6 Semiotic Analysis

Chapter 3 Semantics and Contexts

3.1 Semantics

3.1.1 Word Meanings

3.1.2 ConceptualMeanings andAssociative Meanings

3.2 Contexts

3.2.1 Social Contexts

3.2.2 Cultural Contexts

3.3 Semantic Differences

3.3.1 Words with Basically the Same Conceptual and Associative Meanings

3.3.2 Different Words Conveying the Same Cultural Meanings

3.3.3 Same Words Conveying Different Associative Meanings

3.3.4 Words with Surface Similarity butActual Semantic Differences

3.3.5 Lexical Gaps in Different Cultures

Chapter 4 Animals and Plants

4.1 Animals

4.1.1 Dog(狗)

4.1.2 Fish(鱼)

4.1.3 Sheep(羊)

4.1.4 Horse(马)

4.1.5 Lion(狮)

4.1.6 Tiger(虎)

4.1.7 Cattle(牛)

4.1.8 Rabbit(兔)

4.1.9 Tortoise(龟)

4.1.10 Owl(猫头鹰)

4.1.11 Bat(蝙蝠)

4.1.12 Crane(仙鹤)

4.1.13 Magpie(喜鹊)

4.2 Plants

4.2.1 Rose(玫瑰)

4.2.2 Plum(梅)，Orchid(兰)，Bamboo(竹)and Chrysanthemum(菊)

4.2.3 Pine(松)

4.2.4 Bodhi Tree(菩提树)

4.2.5 Lotus(莲花，荷花)

4.2.6 Apple(苹果)

4.2.7 Peach(桃)

4.2.8 Willow(柳)

Chapter 5 Colors and Numbers

5.1 Colors

5.1.1 Red(红)

5.1.2 White(白)

5.1.3 Black(黑)

5.1.4 Green(绿)

5.1.5 Yellow(黄)

5.1.6 Blue(蓝)

5.1.7 Grey(灰)

5.1.8 Pink(粉红)

5.1.9 Purple(紫)

5.2 Numbers

5.2.1 One(一)

5.2.2 Two(二)

5.2.3 Three(三)

5.2.4 Four(四)

5.2.5 Five(五)

5.2.6 Six(六)

5.2.7 Seven(七)

5.2.8 Eight(八)

5.2.9 Nine(九)

5.2.10 Ten(十)

5.2.11 Thirteen(十三)

Chapter 6 Grammar and Text

6.1 Grammar

6.1.1 Morphemes

6.1.2 Syntactical Rules

6.1.3 Explicit Grammar and Implicit Grammar

6.1.4 Subjects and Objects

6.1.5 Paratactic and Hypotactic Relations

6.1.6 Branching and Linear Sentence Patterns

6.1.7 Word Order

6.1.8 Cultural Differences behind Grammar

6.2 Text

6.2.1 The Definition of Text

6.2.2 Cohesion and Coherence

6.2.3 Textual Connectives

6.2.4 Textual Structures

6.2.5 Cultural Differences behind Text

Chapter 7 Simile and Metaphor

7.1 Simile

7.1.1 The Definition of Simile

7.1.2 Cultural-alike Associations in English and Chinese Similes

7.1.3 Cultural-distinct Associations in English and Chinese Similes

7.2 Metaphor

7.2.1 The Definition of Metaphor

7.2.2 Cultural Metaphors

7.2.3 Cultural-alike Associations in English and Chinese Metaphors.

7.2.4 Cultural-distinct Associations in English and Chinese Metaphors

7.3 Translation

7.3.1 Literal Translation

7.3.2 Cultural Translation

Chapter 8 Idioms and Proverbs

8.1 Idioms

8.1.1 Cultural Similarities between Chinese and English Idioms

8.1.2 Cultural Disparities between Chinese and English Idioms

8.2 Proverbs

8.2.1 Some Equivalent Proverbs in English and Chinese

8.2.2 Proverbs Related to Different Religions

8.2.3 Proverbs Derived from Literary Works

8.2.4 Proverbs Originating from Geographical Environments

8.2.5 Proverbs Reflecting Values and Viewpoints

Chapter 9 Allusions and Euphemisms

9.1 Allusions

9.1.1 Allusions from Literature

9.1.2 Allusions from History

9.1.3 Allusions from Mythology and Legends

9.1.4 Allusions from Sports

9.1.5 The Contrastive Analysis of English and Chinese Allusions

9.2 Euphemisms

9.2.1 To Avoid Taboos

9.2.2 To Show Politeness

9.2.3 To Conceal Truth

Chapter 10 Taboos and Sexism

10.1 Taboos

10.1.1 The Definition of Taboo

10.1.2 Verbal Taboos in Different Cultures

10.1.3 Nonverbal Taboos in Different Cultures

10.2 Sexism

10.2.1 Sexist Language in English

10.2.2 Sexist Language in Chinese

Chapter 11 Advertising and Culture

11.1 The Definition of Advertising

11.2 The Development of Advertising

11.2.1 The Evolution of Western Advertising

11.2.2 Chinese Economic Reform and Advertising

11.3 The Techniques of Advertising

11.4 The Linguistic Features of Advertising

11.4.1 Phonetic Features of Advertisements

11.4.2 Lexical Features of Advertisements

11.4.3 Rhetorical Devices of Advertisements

11.5 Brand Names

11.5.1 Brand Names and Cultural Connotations

11.5.2 Coinages in English and Chinese Brand Names

11.5.3 Exotic Flavor in English and Chinese Brand Names

11.5.4 Cultural Connotations in English and Chinese Brand Names

11.6 Logos

11.7 Cultural Differences in English and Chinese Advertising

11.7.1 Advertising Legislations in Different Cultures

11.7.2 Family Image in Chinese Advertisements

11.7.3 Authoritative Worship and Factual Proofs

11.7.4 Collective Orientation and Individualistic Centeredness

Glossary (Index of Important Terms)

Bibliography

吴越民所著的《文化话语视角下的英汉语言对比研究》阐述语言与文化的相互制约和影响。其创新之处在于把当代话语分析理论运用到中英语言和文化的比较中，把两者结合起来研究：从文化现象去阐释语言，探讨文化对语言的形成和制约作用以及英汉语言的人文属性；同时又从语言现象去阐释文化，以语言为媒介来介绍文化，探究语言现象中隐含的民族文化心理，比较中英语言间的差异和共性。