等离子体天体物理学

About This Book

Plasma Astrophysics： History and Neighbours

1 Particles and Fields： Exact Self-Consistent Description

1.1 Interacting particles and Liouville's theorem

1.1.1 Continuity in phase space

1.1.2 The character of particle interactions

1.1.3 The Lorentz force, gravity

1.1.4 Collisional friction in plasma

1.1.5 The exact distribution function

1.2 Charged particles in the electromagnetic field

1.2.1 General formulation of the problem

1.2.2 The continuity equation for electric charge

1.2.3 Initial equations and initial conditions

1.2.4 Astrophysical plasma applications

1.3 Gravitational systems

1.4 Practice： Exercises and Answers

2 Statistical Description oflnteracting Particle Systems

2.1 The averaging of Liouville's equation

2.1.1 Averaging over phase space

2.1.2 Two statistical postulates

2.1.3 A statistical mechanism of mixing in phase space

2.1.4 The derivation of a general kinetic equation

2.2 A collisionalintegral and correlation functions

2.2.1 Binary interactions

2.2.2 Binary correlation

2.2.3 The collisional integral and binary correlation

2.3 Equations for correlation functions

2.4 Practice： Exercises and Answers

3 Weakly-Coupled Systems with Binary Collisions

3.1 Approximations for binary collisions

3.1.1 The small parameter of kinetic theory

3.1.2 The Vlasov kinetic equation

3.1.3 The Landau collisionalintegral

3.1.4 The Fokker-Planck equation

3.2 Correlation function and Debye shielding

3.2.1 The Maxwellian distribution function

3.2.2 The averaged force and electric neutrality

3.2.3 Pair correlations and the Debye radius

3.3 Gravitational systems

3.4 Comments on numerical simulations

3.5 Practice： Exercises and Answers

4 Propagation of Fast Particles in Plasma

4.1 Derivation of the basic kinetic equation

4.1.1 Basic approximations

4.1.2 Dimensionless kinetic equation in energy space

4.2 A kinetic equation at high speeds

4.3 The classical thick-target model

4.4 The role of angular diffusion

4.4.1 An approximate account of scattering

4.4.2 The thick-target model

4.5 The reverse-current electric-field effect

4.5.1 The necessity for a beam-neutralizing current

4.5.2 Formulation of a realistic kinetic problem

4.5.3 Dimensionless parameters of the problem

4.5.4 Coulomb losses of energy

4.5.5 New physical results

4.5.6 To the future models

4.6 Practice：Exercises and Answers

5 Motion of a Charged Particle in Given Fields

5.1 A particle in constant homogeneous fields

5.1.1 Relativistic equation of motion

5.1.2 Constant non-magnetic forces

5.1.3 Constant homogeneous magnetic fields

5.1.4 Non-magnetic force in a magnetic field

5.1.5 Electricand gravitational drifts

5.2 Weakly inhomogeneous slowly changing fields

5.2.1 Small parameters in the motion equation

5.2.2 Expansion in powers of m/e

5.2.3 The averaging over gyromotion

5.2.4 Spiral motion of the guiding center

5.2.5 Gradient and inertial drifts

……

6 Adiabatic Invariants in Astrophysical Plasma

7 Wave-Particle Interaction in Astrophysical Plasma

8 Coulomb Collisions in Astrophysical Plasma

9 Macroscopic Description of Astrophysical Plasma

10 Multi-Fluid Models of Astrophysical Plasma

11 The Generalized Ohm-s Law in Plasma

12 Single-Fluid Models for Astrophysical Plasma

13 Magnetohydrodynamics in Astrophysics

14 Plasma Flows in a Strong Magnetic Field

15 MHD Waves in Astrophysical Plasma

16 Discontinuous Flows in a MHD Medium

17 Evolutionarity of MHD Discontinuities

18 Particle Acceleration by Shock Waves

19 Plasma Equilibrium in Magnetic Field

20 Stationary Flows in a Magnetic Field

Appendix 1. Notation

Appendix 2. Useful Expressions

Appendix 3. Constants

Bibliography

Index

为有力推动我国物理学研究、加快相关学科的建设与发展，特别是展现近年来中国物理学者的研究水平和成果，北京大学出版社在国家出版基金的支持下推出了《中外物理学精品书系》，试图对以上难题进行大胆的尝试和探索。《中外物理学精品书系·引进系列·等离子体天体物理学（第1部分）：原理与实践（影印版）》编委会集结了数十位来自内地和香港顶尖高校及科研院所的知名专家学者。他们都是目前该领域十分活跃的专家，确保了整套丛书的权威性和前瞻性。
　　《中外物理学精品书系·引进系列·等离子体天体物理学（第1部分）：原理与实践（影印版）》内容丰富，涵盖面广，可读性强，其中既有对我国传统物理学发展的梳理和总结，也有对正在蓬勃发展的物理学前沿的全面展示；既引进和介绍了世界物理学研究的发展动态，也面向国际主流领域传播中国物理的优秀专著。可以说，《中外物理学精品书系》力图完整呈现近现代世界和中国物理科学发展的全貌，是一部目前国内为数不多的兼具学术价值和阅读乐趣的经典物理丛书。
　　《中外物理学精品书系》另一个突出特点是，在把西方物理的精华要义“请进来”的同时，也将我国近现代物理的优秀成果“送出去”。物理学科在世界范围内的重要性不言而喻，引进和翻译世界物理的经典著作和前沿动态，可以满足当前国内物理教学和科研工作的迫切需求。另一方面，改革开放几十年来，我国的物理学研究取得了长足发展，一大批具有较高学术价值的著作相继问世。这套丛书首次将一些中国物理学者的优秀论著以英文版的形式直接推向国际相关研究的主流领域，使世界对中国物理学的过去和现状有更多的深人了解，不仅充分展示出中国物理学研究和积累的“硬实力”，也向世界主动传播我国科技文化领域不断创新的“软实力”，对全面提升中国科学、教育和文化领域的国际形象起到重要的促进作用。

本书是影印版学术专著，原书由斯普林格出版社于2006年出版。等离子体天体物理学是天体物理学中的一个重要分支。本书作为《等离子体天体物理学》的第一部分，集中讨论了这一领域的基础知识。内容丰富、深入、全面。值得一提的是，本书作者写作非常细致，讲解深入浅出，很多知识的交代都尽量清楚明白，减少对其他课程的依赖。如果你想以最短的时间，了解这一领域的基础知识，本书是最好的选择。