语篇分析

Preface

SECTION I

Survey

1 Language in use

A sample of language

What is a text?

Text and discourse

Spoken and written text

Illustration from a crowded train

Conclusion

2 Communication

Grammar and communication

Three kinds of pragmatic meaning

Four aspects of communicative competence

Conclusion

3 Context

Conditions of language use

Context and shared knowledge

Text-activated context

Unshared contexts: illustration from a battlefield

Context and shared values

Conclusion

4 Schematic conventions

Context and situation

The concept of the schema

Frames of reference

Frames and cultural assumptions

Interpersonal routines

Adjacency pairs

Genres

Conclusion

5 Co-textual relations

Information structure

Text linkage

Anaphora and pro-forms

Cohesion

Cohesion and the least effort principle

Cohesion and coherence

Conclusion

6 The negotiation of meaning

Systemic and schematic knowledge

Communicative convergence

Negotiating convergence

The co-operative principle

The quantity maxim

Conversational implicature

The maxims of quality, relation, and manner

Co-operative and territorial imperatives

Conclusion

7 Critical analysis

Positioning

Terms of reference

Alternative wordings and persuasive purpose

Critical discourse analysis

Identifying the significance of textual choice

Implicatures and textual choice

Implicatures and grammatical choice

Conclusion

8 Text analysis

Actually attested language

Norms of usage

Patterns of collocation

Semantic prosodies

Conclusion: text analysis and discourse interpretation

SECTION 2

Readings

SECTION 3

References

SECTION 4

Glossary

Acknowledgements

《语篇分析》为“牛津语言学入门丛书”之一，丛书作者均为国际知名的语言学专家。语言学家认为在文学作品中或在日常生活中，人们用语篇表达含义。《语篇分析》介绍了有关语篇分析的关键概念，如语域、语篇类型、语料库等。

人们在对语言的特定细节进行剖析之前，应该对语言整体有个大致的了解。作为语言学研究方向的学生进行深入研究之前的热身阅读，《牛津语言学入门丛书》的主旨是为人们理解那些学术性强的语言学专著奠定理论基础。因为这套丛书浅显易懂，对那些感兴趣却并非专门从事语言研究的人进一步了解语言也大有裨益。威多森所著的《语篇分析》为其中一册。