英语学习者的中介语句法特征

Abstract

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

Chapter1Introduction

1.1.ResearchQuestions

1.2.UnderlyingTheoreticalFramework--TypologicalApproachandUniversals

1.3.TypologicalApproachandSecondLanguageAcquisition

1.3.1.TypologicalApproachinSecondLanguageAcquisition

1.3.2.TypologicalUniversalstoBeTestedintheStudy

1.4.SignificanceoftheResearch

1.5.OrganisationoftheThesis

Chapter2LiteratureReview

2.1.TypologyandUniversals

2.1.1.ABriefHistoryofTypology

2.1.2.ApproachesinTypology

2.1.3.CrosslinguisticPatternsRegardingWordOrderUniversalsandGrammaticalHierarchies

2.1.3.1.WordOrderUniversals

2.1.3.2.GrammaticalHierarchies

2.1.3.3.SomeRecentlyMotivatedImplicationalHierarchies/Hypotheses

2.1.4.Summary

2.2.SecondLanguageAcquisition

2.2.1.AnOverview.TheoryandPracticeinSecondLanguageAcquisition

2.2.1.1.ContrastiveAnalysis

2.2.1.2.ErrorAnalysis：andInterlanguageTheory

2.2.1.3.MonitorTheory

2.2.1.4.Variation(andFunctionalism)

2.2.1.5.UniversalApproaches.

2.2.2.StudiesofInterlanguageinQuestionFormation：aTypologicalApproach

2.2.3.StudiesofInterlanguageinRelativeClauseFormation

2.2.3.1.RelativeClauseFormationinSLA：anOverview

2.2.3.2.RelativeClauseFormationinSLA：theAccessibilityHierarchy

Chapter3Methodology

3.1.TheStudy

3.1.1.BackgroundoftheStudy

3.1.2.ProcedureofDataCollectionandParticipants

3.1.3.DifficultiesEncounteredintheSamplingProcedure

3.2.TheTasks

3.2.1.Conversation--InterviewandRole-PlaywithCueCard

3.2.2.ElicitedRepetition

3.2.3.SentenceCombination

3.2.4.GrammaticalityJudgment

3.2.5.FreeEssayWriting

3.3.DataProcessing

Chapter4ResultsandAnalysisofFindings

4.1.ResultsRegardingImplicationalUniversalsofYes/NoandWhQuestions

4.1.1.ResultsofData

4.1.2.InterDretationofDataandDiscussion

4.1.3.Summary

4.2.ResuttsRegardingAcquisitionofRelativeClauseswithReferencetotheACCessibilityHierarchy

4.2.1.ResultsfromtheRepetitionTask

4.2.2.ResultsfromtheSentenceCombinationTask

4.2.3.ResultsfromtheGrammaticalityJudgmentTask

4.2.4.ResultsfromtheConversationandSubiectsWrittenEssays

4.2.5.ResultsofVariousRC-RelatedNon-StandardForms

4.2.5.1.RC-RelatedNon-StandardFormsinDifferent7asks

4.2.5.2.RC-RelatedNonStandardFormsviaEnglishProficiencyLevels

4.2.5.3.RC-RelatedNonStandardFormsviaFirstLanguages

4.2.6.Summary

4.3.ResultsRegardingOtherImplicationalUniversals

4.3.1.ResultsRegardingtheClauseEmbeddingHierarchy

4.3.2.ResultsRegardingtheSubordinateGap/NoGapHierarchy

4.3.3.ResultsRegardingtheHierarchyforComplementisers

4.3.4.ResultsRegardingtheBridgingVerbHierarchy

4.3.5.ResultsRegardingtheHeadNounPhraseHierarchy

4.3.6.ResultsRegardingtheValencyCompletenessHypothesis

4.3.7.Summary

4.4.ResultsRegardingInterlanguageFeaturesinNaturalisticData

4.4.1.OverallResultsfromtheConversationandWrittenEssays

4.4.2.ResultsExaminedbyDifferentEnglishProficiencyLevelGroups

4.4.3.ResultsExaminedbyDifferentFirstLanguageGroups

4.4.4.Summary

Chapter5SummaryofMajorTheoreticalFindings

5.1.FindingsRegardingtheAcquisitionofEnglishInterrogativeQuestions

5.2.FindingsRegardingtheAcquisitionofEnglishRestrictiveRdativeClauses

5.3.FindingsRegardingOtherImplicationalUniversals

5.4.Summary

Chapter6ConcludingRemarks

6.1.MethodologicalLimitationsoftheStudy

6.2.UseofSLADatafortheEvaluationofTypologicalUniversals

6.3.SomeTheoreticalIssuesArisingfromtheStudyThatWarrantFutResearch

APPENDICES

AppendixⅠTableofUniversals7ested，DataCoilcctcdandMethodsUsedintheStudy

AppendixⅡProfilesoftheSubjects

AppendixⅢTasksforDataCollection

AppendixⅣCountsofInstancesinFeaturesofQuestionWordOrder

AppendixⅤ(A)DefinitionsofFeaturesfortheRepetitionTaskand(B)IndividualPerformancesintheRepetitionTask

AppendixⅥ(A)DefinitionsofFeaturesfortheSentenceCombinationTaskand(B)IndividualPerformancesintheSentenceCombinationTask.

AppendixⅦIndividualPerformancesintheGrammaticalityJudgmentTask(ItemsRelatingtoRelativeClauses)

AppendixⅧCountsofRelativesClausesintheSubjectsSpeechandWrittenEssays

AppendixⅨIndividualPerformancesintheGrammaticalityJudgmentTask(ItemsRelatingtoImplicationalUniversals)(A＆B)

AppendixⅩAggregateCountsofInstancesofDifferentFeaturesintheConversationData

AppendixⅪAggregateCountsofInstancesofDifferentFeaturesintheSubjectsWrittenEssays

Bibliography

　　本书对我国第二语言学习者学习第二语言（英语）的过程进行探索性的、定性研究和分析。本书主要论述了语言类型学的‘编含共性’在二语习得领域的实证性研究，其中包括(Greenberg(1963)的疑问句构成语序、Keenan和Comrie(1977)的定语从句构成可及性层级以及Hawkins(1999)基于加工动因的蕴含共性模式。　　本书论述了语言类型学的‘编含共性’在二语习得领域的实证性研究，其中包括(Greenberg(1963)的疑问句构成语序、Keenan和Comrie(1977)的定语从句构成可及性层级以及Hawkins(1999)基于加工动因的蕴含共性模式。