语言共性和语言类型学

导读Preface to the second edtionPreface to thefirst editionPrefacetOthe secondprinting1 LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS　1.1　APPROACHES TO LANGUAGE UNIVERSALs　　1.1.1 Ttoo major approaches 　 1.1.2 The data base　 1.1.3 Dqrees ofabstracmtss 1.2　CLAUIFICATION OF LANGUAGg UNIVERSALS　 1.2.1 Formal and substantive universals　 1.2.2 Implicational and non-implicational universals　 1.2.3 Absolute universals and tendencies 1.3　EXPLANATIONS FOR LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS　 1.3.1 Commongenetic origin

导读Preface to the second edtionPreface to thefirst editionPrefacetOthe secondprinting1 LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS　1.1　APPROACHES TO LANGUAGE UNIVERSALs　　1.1.1 Ttoo major approaches 　 1.1.2 The data base　 1.1.3 Dqrees ofabstracmtss 1.2　CLAUIFICATION OF LANGUAGg UNIVERSALS　 1.2.1 Formal and substantive universals　 1.2.2 Implicational and non-implicational universals　 1.2.3 Absolute universals and tendencies 1.3　EXPLANATIONS FOR LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS　 1.3.1 Commongenetic origin　 1.3.2 External explanations 1.4　SUMMARY　Notes and references2　LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY 2.1 TYPOLOGY AND UNIVERSALS 2.2 TYlPIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 2.3　MOP.PHOLOGICAL TYPOLOGY 2.4　SOME FURTHER TYPOLOGICAL PARAMETERS Notes and references3　THEORETICAL PREREQUISITES 3.1　SEMANTIC ROLES 3.2 PRAGMATIC ROLES 3.3　GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS 3.4　MORPHOLOGICAL CASES 3.5　ILLUSTRATION：ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN　CLAUSE STRUCTURE　Notes and references4　WORD ORDER 4.1　WORD ORDBR PARAMETERS 4.2　CORRELATIONS AMONG WORD ORDER PARAMETErs 　 4.2.1 Greenberg’s correlations 　 4.2.2 Generalizations of Greenberg's results 　 4.2.3 Critique ofthegeneralizations 4.3 THE VALUE OF WORD ORDER TYPOLOGY　Notes and references5　SUBJECT 5.1 THE PROBLEM 5.2　ON DEFINITIONS AND CATBGPRIES 5.3　ERGATIVITY 5.4　SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC FACTORS　Notes and references6　CASE MARKING 6.1 THE DISCRIMINATORY FUNCTION OF CASES 6.2 NATURAL INFORMATION FLOW IN THE　TRANSITIVE CONSTRUCTION 　 6.2.1 lnverseforms 　6.2.2 Differential marking of A and P 6.3　SUMMARY　Notes and references7　RELATIVE CLAUSES8 CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS9 ANIMACY10 TYPOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS11 CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS

本书是当代语言类型学的第一部综合性导论著作，被广泛用作该学科的教科书，对当代语言类型学的发展起了极大的推动作用。本书区别于一般导论教科书的特点是并非面面俱到，而是对某些有趣的论题作较为深入的探讨，因此可读性比较强，并可以从中学到更多实质性的分析和研究思路。此外，由于本书举例丰富，也可以增强我国读者对语言多样性的认识，大大开阔视野。