时态信息处理技术及其应用

PrefaceList of Figures and TablesPart I Temporal Models and Calculation Methods1 From Time Data to Temporal Information 1.1 Application Requirement 1.2 What Is Time Data 1.2.1 Time Point 1.2.2 Time Interval 1.2.3 Time Span 1.2.4 Complex Time Data 1.3 Temporal Information, Temporal Database and Temporal System 1.3.1 What Is Temporal Information 1.3.2 Temporal Database 1.3.3 Temporal System 1.4 Origin and Development of Temporal Information Technologies

PrefaceList of Figures and TablesPart I Temporal Models and Calculation Methods1 From Time Data to Temporal Information 1.1 Application Requirement 1.2 What Is Time Data 1.2.1 Time Point 1.2.2 Time Interval 1.2.3 Time Span 1.2.4 Complex Time Data 1.3 Temporal Information, Temporal Database and Temporal System 1.3.1 What Is Temporal Information 1.3.2 Temporal Database 1.3.3 Temporal System 1.4 Origin and Development of Temporal Information Technologies 1.4.1 Founding Phase 1.4.2 Development Phase 1.4.3 Application Phase 1.5 Current Situation, Problems and Trends 1.5.1 Current Situation 1.5.2 Existent Problems in Temporal Database Research 1.5.3 Trends References2 Time Calculation and Temporal Logic Method 2.1 Time Model 2.1.1 Continuous Model 2.1.2 Stepwise Model 2.1.3 Discrete Model 2.1.4 Non Temporal Model 2.2 Properties of Time Structure 2.2.1 Order Relations of Time Sets 2.2.2 First Order Properties of Time Flow 2.3 Point-Based Temporal Logic 2.3.1 Temporal Extensions Based Snapshot Model 2.3.2 Temporal Extensions Based Timestamp Model 2.4 Interval-Based Temporal Logic 2.4.1 From Interval to Point 2.4.2 From Point to Point 2.4.3 Temporal Predict 2.5 Calculation Based on Span 2.6 Other Temporal Calculations in Common Use 2.7 Time Granularity andConversion Calculation 2.7.1 Time Granularity and Chronon 2.7.2 State of Existence of Time Granularity 2.7.3 Operations of Time Granularity 2.7.4 Relational Chart of Time Granularity Conversion 2.8 Tense Logic 2.8.1 Syntax and Semantics of Tense Logic 2.8.2 Axiomatics and Properties References3 Temporal Extension of Relational Algebra 3.1 Regular Relational Operations 3.1.1 Basic Notions 3.1.2 Relational Algebra 3.1.3 Relational Calculus 3.2 Relational Algebra of Historical Database 3.2.1 Basic Notions and Terminologies 3.2.2 HRDM Model 3.2.3 Historical Relational Algebra of HRDM 3.3 Bitemporal Relational Algebra of BCDM 3.3.1 Basic Notions and Terminologies 3.3.2 Bitemporal Relational Algebra 3.4 Snapshot Reducibility and Temporal Completeness 3.4.1 Snapshot Reducibility 3.4.2 Temporal Semi-Completeness 3.4.3 Temporal Completeness ReferencesPart II Database Based on Temporal Information4 Temporal Data Model and Temporal Database Systems 4.1 Time-Dimensions 4.1.1 User-Defined Time 4.1.2 Valid Time 4.1.3 Transaction Time 4.1.4 Two Temporal Variables: Now and UC 4.1.5 An Illustration 4.2 Temporal Database Types 4.2.1 Snapshot Database 4.2.2 Historical Database 4.2.3 Rollback Database 4.2.4 Bitemporal Database 4.3 Temporal Data Models 4.3.1 Bitemporal Time Stamps 4.3.2 BCDM 4.3.3 Temporal Entity-Relationship Data Model 4.4 Difference from Real-Time Database References5 Spatio-Temporal Data Model and Spatio-Temporal Databases 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Spatio-Temporal Data Model 5.2.1 Spatio-Temporal Object 5.2.2 Basic Considerations of Spatio-Temporal Modeling 5.2.3 Version Based Data Model 5.2.4 Event-Based Data Model 5.2.5 Constraint-Based Data Model 5.2.6 Moving Objects Data Model 5.3 Query on Spatio-Temporal Data 5.3.1 Spatio-Temporal Data Query 5.3.2 Moving Data Query 5.3.3 Spatio-Temporal Database Language 5.4 Structure of Spatio-Temporal Database System 5.4.1 Structure of Complete Type 5.4.2 Structure of Layered Type 5.4.3 Structure of Extended Type Reference6 Temporal Extension of XML Data Model 6.1 Motivation 6.1.1 XML Temporal Driven 6.1.2 Commercial-Driven Temporal Database 6.2 Temporal Research of the Semi-Structured Data 6.3 Temporal XML Model and Query Mechanism References7 Data Operations Based on Temporal Variables 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Data Model Based on Temporal Variables 7.2.1 Order and Temporal Variables 7.2.2 Main Body Instances 7.2.3 Bitemporal Relation Model Based on Variables 7.3 Data Updating 7.3.1 Data Inserting 7.3.2 Data Deleting 7.3.3 Data Modifying 7.4 Data Querying 7.4.1 Now in Current Versions 7.4.2 Now in Non-Current Version 7.4.3 Temporal Querying Algorithms ReferencesPart III Temporal Index Technologies8 Temporal Indexes Supporting Valid Time 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Summary of Temporal Index 8.2.1 Temporal Index Based on Transaction Time 8.2.2 Index Based on Valid Time 8.2.3 Bitemporal Index 8.3 TRdim 8.3.1 Relative Temporal Data Model 8.3.2 Temporal Relation Index Model 8.4 Data Querying and Index Updating 8.4.1 Index Querying 8.4.2 Index Updating 8.5 Simulation 8.5.1 Index Constructing 8.5.2 Query Based on Probability 8.5.3 Query Based on the Number of Data References9 Indexes for Moving-Objects Data 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Data Model for Moving Objects 9.2.1 Data Model Modm 9.2.2 Temporal Summary 9.3 Index for Moving Object Data 9.3.1 Linear Order Division 9.3.2 Index Model Modim 9.4 Data Query 9.5 Index Update References10 Temporal XML Index Schema 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Linear-Order Relation 10.2.1 Linear-Order Matrix 10.2.2 Linear-Order Equivalence Relation 10.3 Temporal Summary and Temporal Indexing 10.3.1 Data Model 10.3.2 Temporal Summary 10.3.3 Temporal Indexing 10.4 Data Query 10.4.1 Query Based onAbsolute Paths 10.4.2 Query Based on Relative Paths 10.5 Simulation and Evaluation 10.5.1 Environment and Data Design 10.5.2 Simulation and Evaluation ReferencesPart 1V Temporal Database Management Systems11 Implementation of Temporal Database Management Systems 11.1 Introduction 11.2 TimeDB 11.2.1 Installation 11.2.2 TimeDB 2.0 Beta 4's User Interface 11.2.3 Examples 11.3 TempDB 11.3.1 Installation 11.3.2 TempDB's User Interface 11.3.3 Examples 11.4 Comparing TimeDB with TempDB References12 Improvement and Extension to ATSQL2 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Study on ATSQL2 12.2.1 Requirements and Expatiation 12.2.2 Properties of ATSQL2 12.3 Interpretation of ATSQL2 Semantics 12.3.1 Data Definition Statement 12.3.2 Data Manipulation Statement 12.3.3 Data Query Statement 12.4 Improved ATSQL2 12.4.1 Clear Regulation to the Semantic Operator 12.4.2 Re-Definition of Scalar Expression 12.4.3 Clearly Regulate the Usage of Common Operators and Temporal Operators in Conditional Statements References13 Design and Implementation of TempDB 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Framework of TempDB 13.2.1 Middleware Architecture 13.2.2 Platform of Implementation 13.2.3 Architecture of TempDB 13.3 Implementation of TempDB 13.3.1 Temporal DDL 13.3.2 Temporal DML 13.3.3 Temporal Query 13.4 Processing Mechanism of Temporal Integrity Constraints 13.4.1 Basic Concepts 13.4.2 Temporal Insertion 13.4.3 Temporal Deletion 13.4.4 Temporal Modification 13.5 Optimization of Performance 13.5.1 Temporal Indexes and MAP21 13.5.2 Binding on Now 13.5.3 MAP21-B ReferencesPart V TemporalApplication and Case Study14 Research on Temporal Extended Role Hierarchy 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Related Work 14.3 Extended Role Hierarchy 14.4 Temporal Role Hierarchy 14.4.1 Time Constraint on the Inheritance of Restricted Special Permission 14.4.2 Temporal Inheritance Character 14.4.3 Space and Time Efficiency Analysis References15 Temporal Workflow Modeling and Its Application 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Related Work 15.3 A Modified Workflow Meta-Model and Temporal Attributes 15.3.1 Build-Time Meta-Model 15.3.2 Run-Time Meta-Model 15.3.3 A Formal Model of Temporal Workflow 15.4 Fuzzy Temporal Workflow Nets (FTWF-Nets) 15.4.1 Fuzzy Time Point 15.4.2 Formal Definition for FTWF-Nets 15.4.3 Time Related Calculation in FTWF-Nets 15.5 Time Modeling and Time Possibility Analysis 15.6 An Illustration References16 Temporal Knowledge Representation and Reasoning 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Temporal Production System 16.2.1 Basic Definitions 16.2.2 Temporal Reasoning 16.3 Prototype Implementation in a Salary System 16.3.1 Global Database 16.3.2 Data Structures of Temporal Production Rules in Database 16.3.3 Data Structures of Facts in Database 16.3.4 Details in Reasoning 16.3.5 Binding Semantics of Now Variable References17 Temporal Application Modes and Case Study 17.1 Temporal Application Modes 17.1.1 Entire Temporal Application Mode 17.1.2 Embedding Temporal Application Mode 17.1.3 Mix Temporal Application Mode 17.2 Temporal Data/Knowledge View 17.2.1 Temporal Data View 17.2.2 Temporal Data/Knowledge Model 17.2.3 Links of Temporal Knowledge and Temporal Data 17.3 Temporal Application in Cooperative Software 17.3.1 Three Basic Elements of Cooperative Software 17.3.2 Temporal Relation of Collaborative Roles 17.3.3 Temporal Extension in the Collaboration Information 17.3.4 Temporal Extension of Workflow 17.3.5 Case Study 17.4 SIDSS: A Typical Example of Temporal Application 17.4.1 Introduction 17.4.2 Temporal Data in SIDSS 17.4.3 Temporal Knowledge in SIDSS 17.4.4 Implementation of SIDSS ReferencesAppendix A.1 Extension ATSQL of TempDB 2.1 A.2 API of TempDB 2.1Index

时间是自然界无处不在的属性。时态信息处理已经成为现代信息系统的重要组成部分。本书系统研究时态信息处理技术及其应用，内容包括：（1）时间模型、时间演算和时态逻辑方法；（2）时态数据库基本概念、时态数据模型、时间算子now的语义和时态数据索引；（3）时态数据查询语言，以TempDB为例介绍时态数据库管理系统的设计和实现；（4）XML、工作流时态扩展和时态知识模型；（5）时态应用模式，并给出一个典型的时态应用实例。 本书读者对象为高等院校计算机专业的师生，科研机构及相关领域的研发人员等。