大学基础物理学．上册

PART 1 MECHANICS

CHAPTER 1 KINEMATICS OF A PARTICLE

1.1 Reference System

1.2 Pbsition Vector， Displacement， and Velocity

1.3 Acceleration

1.4 One-dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration

1.5 Projectile Motion

1.6 Circular Motion

1.7 Relative Motion

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 2 NEWTONS LAWS OF MOTION

2.1 Laws of Motion

2.2 Some Common Forces

2.3 Applications of Newtons Laws

2.4 Fundamental Forces of Nature

2.5 Noninertial Frame of Reference and Inertial Force

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 3 MOMENTUM AND ANGULAR MOMEMTUM

3.1 Impulse and Theorem of Momentum

3.2 Theorem of Momentum for A System of Particles

3.3 The Law of Conservation of Momentum

3.4 Rocket

3.5 Center of Mass

3.6 The Theorem of Motion of CM

3.7 Theorem of Angular Momentum for A Particle

3.8 The Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 4 WORK AND ENERGY

4.1 Work

4.2 The Theorem of Kinetic Energy

4.3 Potential Energy

4.4 Gravitational Potential Energy

4.5 Finding Conservative Force from Potential Energy Function

4.6 Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy

4.7 Significance of Conservation Laws

4.8 Collision

4.9 Steady flow of Fluids

4.10 Bernoullis Equation

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 5 ROTATION

5.1 Description of Rotation

5.2 The Law of Rotation

5.3 Calculating Moment of Inertia

5.4 Conservation of Angular Momentum in Rotation

5.5 Work and Energy in Rotation

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 6 RELATIVITY

6.1 Newtonian Principle of Relativity and Galilean Transformation

6.2 Einsteins Two Postulates of Relativity

6.3 Relativity of Simultaneity

6.4 Time Dilation

6.5 Length Contraction

6.6 Lorentz Transformation

6.7 Relativistic Velocity Transformation

6.8 Relativistic Mass

6.9 Relativistic Kinetic Energy

6.10 Relativistic Energy

6.11 Relation between Momentum and Energy

*6.12 General Relativity

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS

PROBLEMS

PART2 THEORY OF HEAT

CHAPTER 7 TEMPERATURE

7.1 Equilibrium State

7.2 Concept of Temperature

7.3 Ideal Gas Temperature Scale

7.4 Equation of State of an Ideal Gas

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 8 THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

8.1 Random Motion of Gas Molecules

8.2 Pressure of an Ideal Gas

8.3 Microscopic Meaning of Temperature

8.4 Equipartition Theorem of Energy

8.5 Maxwell Speed Distribution Law

8.6 Experimental Verification of Maxwell Speed Distribution Law

8.7 Isotherms of Real Gases

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 9 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

9.1 Work Heat the First Law of Thermodynamics

9.2 Quasi-static Process

9.3 Heat Capacity

9.4 Adiabatic Process

9.5 Cyclic Process

9.6 Carnot Cycle

9.7 Refrigeration Cycle

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 10 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

10.1 Direction of Natural Processes

10.2 Interdependence of Irreversibilities

10.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics and Its MiCroscopic Meaning

10.4 Thermodynamic Probability and the Direction of Natural Processes

10.5 Boltzmanns Entropy Formula and the Principle of Entropy Increase

10.6 Clausius Entropy Formula

10.7 Entropy and Degradation of Energy

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS

PROBLEMS

DATA LIST

ANSWERS TO ALL PROBLEMS

INDEX

The content of this volume includes two parts: mechanics and theory of heat. In the part of mechanics, the fundamental concepts and principles, as Newton’ s laws of motion, Momentum and angular momentum, work and energy, rotation and relativity. In the part of theory of heat, temperature, the kinetic theory of gases, the two laws of thermodynamics are introduced. This Volume 1 together with Volume 2 cover all the pedagogic requirements of physics course in colleges and universities and hence can be used as textbooks of physics there。 They can also be used as pedagogic references by high school teachers or as self-learning materials by other readers.

This English edition of the University Fundamenta·physics is written for Bilingua·pedagogy of physics. The physics contents include mechanics， heat，electromagnetism， optics and fundamenta·quantum physics. Al·these contents satisfy the kerne·fundamenta·requirements declared by the physics pedagogic directing committee of Ministry of Education. So this book can be used as a reference book for the physics course given to non-physics specialized students in science and engineering universities. The writer thinks that there are surely many detects and errors in this book both in language and explanations of physica·principles. He waits and welcomes your comments and corrections.