社会—气候交互变化中的东亚干旱与半干旱区生态系统研究

Part I State and Changes in Dryland East Asia

1 State and Change of Dryland East Asia （DEA）

1.1 Geography, Demography and Economics in DEA

1.2 Climate and Land-Use Changes

1.3 Ecosystem Production and Evapotranspiration

1.4 Scientific and Societal Challenges for Adaptations in DEA

References

2 Dryland East Asia in Hemispheric Context

2.1 Study Regions

2.2 Change Analysis of Vegetated Land Surface

2.3 Retrospective Trend Analysis Reveals Areas of Significant Change

2.4 Vegetation Change in Three Epochs

2.5 Land Cover Variation and Change

2.6 Precipitation Variation and Change

2.7 Conclusion

References

3 NEESPI and MAIRS Programs in Dryland East Asia

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Contrast and Comparison

3.2.1 The Programs

3.2.2 Research Approaches

3.2.3 Organization Structure

3.2.4 Major Research Activities

3.3 Major Findings and Achievements

3.3.1 Understanding Climate Change

3.3.2 Understanding Societal Consequences

3.3.3 Understanding Ecosystem Impacts

3.3.4 Institutional Responses to Environmental Change

3.3.5 Understanding Challenges

3.4 Conclusions

References

4 Land Use and Land Cover Change in Dryland East Asia

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Global Land Use Changes through Centuries

4.3 Long-Term Changes in Cropland and Pastureland in DEA

4.4 Recent Changes in Asian Drylands

4.4.1 Rangeland Degradation and Desertification and Increased Cropland

4.4.2 Grassland Recovery

4.4.3 Reforestation/Afforestation

4.5 Sahel Land Use Change

References

5 Urban Expansion and Environment Change in Dryland East Asia

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Study Area. Data, and Methodology

5.2.1 Study Area

5.2.2 Data and Methodology

5.3 Findings

5.3.1 Urban Expansion

5.3.2 Environment Impact

5.4 Case of Urumqi

5.4.1 Spatio-Temporal Change in Urumqi

5.4.2 Environment Challenges of Uriimqi

5.5 Discussion

5.5.1 Characteristics of Urbanization in Arid Regions

5.5.2 Socio-Economic Factors Driving Urbanization

5.6 Conclusions

References

6 Ecosystem Carbon Cycle under Changing Atmosphere, Climate and Land Use in Dryland East Asia

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Simulated Ecosystem Carbon Patterns in DEA

6.3 Responses of Ecosystem Carbon Cycling to Atmospheric Change

6.3.1 C02 Enrichment

6.3.2 Nitrogen Deposition and Its Impact on DEA Ecosystems

6.4 Responses of Ecosystem Carbon Cycling to Climate Change

6.4.1 Responses to Precipitation Changes

6.4.2 Responses to Temperature Changes

6.5 Responses of Ecosystem Carbon Cycling to Land Use and Land Cover Changes

6.6 Interactions among Environmental Changes

6.6.1 Limitation of Nitrogen Availability on C02 Impacts

……

Part II Consequences

Part Ⅲ Solutions/Adaptations

Index

Drylands in East Asia （DEA） is home to more than one billion people with an environment vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic changes. One of the critical needs in the region is to fully understand how dryland ecosystems respond to the changing climate and human activities in order to develop strategies to cope with continued climate change. This book provides the state-of-the-art knowledge and information on drylands ecosystem dynamics， changing climate， society， and land use in the region. In addition to the synthesis of the existing research and knowledge of DEA， the book provides a role model for regional ecological assessment. With a wide spectrum of contributions from experts around the globe， the book should be of interest to researchers and students both internationally and in East Asia. Lessons learned from this synthesis effort in DEA should be useful for developing climate adaptation strategies for other similar regions around the globe.