21世纪的核能. 第3版

Foreword by Dr.Patrick Moore vii

Introduction

1.Energy use

1.1 Sources of energy

1.2 Sustainability of energy

1.3 Energy demand

1.4 Energy supply

1.5 Changes in energy demand and supply

1.6 Future energy demand and supply

2.Electricity today and tomorrow

2.1 Electricity demand

2.2 Electricity supply

2.3 Fuels for electricity generation today

2.4 Provision for future base-load electricity

2.5 Renewable energy sources

2.6 Coal and uranium compared

2.7 Energy inputs to generate electricity

2.8 Economic factors

3.Nuclear power and its fuels

3.1 Mass to energy in the reactor core

3.2 Nuclear power reactors - basic design

Panel： Components common to most types of nuclear reactor

3.3 Uranium availability

3.4 Nuclear weapons as a source of fuel

3.5 Thorium as a nuclear fuel

3.6 Accelerator-driven systems

3.7 Physics of a nuclear reactor

4.Types of nuclear power reactor

4.1 Today's power reactors

4.2 Advanced power reactors

4.3 Floating nuclear power plants

4.4 Modular light water reactors

4.5 High temperature reactors

4.6 Fast neutron reactors

4.7 Very small nuclear power reactors

5.The 'front end' of the nuclear fuel cycle

5.1 Mining and milling of uranium ore

5.2 The nuclear fuel cycle

Panel： Uranium enrichment

5.3 Thorium cycle

6.The 'back end' of the nuclear fuel cycle

6.1 Nuclear wastes

6.2 Reprocessing used fuel

6.3 High-level wastes from reprocessing

Panel： Transporting radioactive materials

6.4 Storage and disposal of high-level wastes

6.5 Decommissioning nuclear reactors

7.Other nuclear energy applications

7.1 Transport

7.2 Hydrogen production and use

7.3 Process heat

7.4 Desalination

7.5 Marine propulsion

7.6 Radioisotope systems and reactors for space

7.7 Research reactors， making radioisotopes

8.Environment， health and safety

8.1 Greenhouse gas emissions

8.2 Other environmental effects

8.3 Health effects of power generation

8.4 Radiation exposure

8.5 Reactor safety

9.Avoiding weapons proliferation

9.1 International cooperation to achieve security

9.2 International nuclear safeguards

9.3 Fissile materials

9.4 Recycling military uranium and plutonium for electricity

9.5 Australian and Canadian nuclear safeguards policies

10.History of nuclear energy

10.1 Exploring the nature of the atom

10.2 Harnessing nuclear fission

10.3 Nuclear physics in Russia

10.4 Conceiving the atomic bomb

10.5 Developing the concepts： bomb and boiler

10.6 The Manhattan Project

10.7 The Soviet bomb

10.8 Revival of the 'nuclear boiler'

10.9 Nuclear energy goes commercial

10.10 The nuclear power renaissance

Appendices

1.Ionising radiation and how it is measured

2.Some radioactive decay series

3.Environmental and ethical aspects of radioactive waste management

4.Some useful references

Glossary

Index

Figures

Chapter

1.Consumption of fossil fuels

2.Primary energy supply

3.World primary energy demand

4.World electricity consumption

Chapter

5.Load curves for a typical grid

5A.Load curves with overnight charging

6.Fuel for electricity generation

7.Fuel and waste comparison for uranium and coal

8.US electricity production costs

9.Projected electricity costs， Finland

Chapter

10.Fission in conventional and fast neutron reactors

11.Pressurised water reactor

12.Known uranium resources & exploration expenditure

13.World uranium production and demand

14.Neutron cross-sections for fission

15.Distribution of fission products

Chapter

Chapter

16.The open nuclear fuel cycle

17.The closed nuclear fuel cycle

18.The fast neutron reactor fuel cycle

Chapter

19.What happens in a light water reactor

20.Vitrified waste （simulated）

21.Fission product decay in used fuel

22.High-level waste from used fuel decay curve

Chapter

23.Greenhouse gas emissions in electricity production

24.Deaths from energy-related accidents

Chapter

25.Plutonium in the reactor core

Tables

1.Electricity production growth

2.Fuel energy conversion data

3.Projected capacity additions and investment

4.Actual costs of electricity

5.Nuclear power's role in electricity production

6.Uranium concentrations in nature

7.Known recoverable resources of uranium

8.Operable nuclear power plants

9.Advanced nuclear power reactors

10.High temperature reactors

11.Fast neutron reactors

12.Commercial reprocessing capacity

13.MOX fuel fabrication capacities

14.Energy production accident statistics

15.Energy-related accidents

16.Ionising radiation

17.International Nuclear Event Scale

18.Serious reactor accidents

核能是一种技术成熟、安全和可靠的发电或者供热能源。其具有规模大、价格低、无污染和无温室气体排放的优点。鉴于核能具有上述优点和不断提高的能源独立性优势，世界各国政府都逐渐提高了核能作为国家能源政策中骨干能源的地位。 　　世界核大学出版社出版的21世纪核能系列入门教材是适用于广大教师、学生、政策制定者和其他所有感兴趣读者的权威著作。其内容全面均衡、简要易读，并具有如下特点： 　　·针对非核能专业的普通读者介绍了核能科学知识； 　　·内容涉及核能科学诸多领域，也涵盖了工业应用相关的内容； 　　·回答了公众所关心的有关核能安全、核扩散和核废物的问题； 　　·提供了最新的数据和参考资料。 　　《21世纪的核能（第3版）》由绿色和平组织的创始人之一，帕特里克·摩尔博士作序，序文证实了当前世界范围重新认识核能的现状。 　　《21世纪的核能（第3版）》作者伊恩·霍尔-拉齐是一位在核能领域受到广泛尊重的教育家，也是拥有众多环境和矿产科学著作的作者。2001年以来他一直担任位于伦敦的世界核能协会公共关系部主任一职，负责处理公众信息事务。 　　世界核大学（WNU）是一个由全球工业、政府和学术组织共同组成的合作组织，目的是加强核能科学与技术方面的教育力量。其合作者包括国际原子能委员会（IAEA）、世界核运营委员会（WANO）、欧共体核能署（NEA）和世界核能协会（WNA）。通过从政府或者企业借调人员或者争取赞助等方式，位于伦敦的WNU总部采用多种合作项目的形式强化了核能教育并致力于培养未来的核能领袖。

《21世纪的核能（第3版）》内容丰富全面，涵盖核能相关的各方面内容，叙述分析确切到位，语言表达简练而精确。《21世纪的核能（第3版）》很适合作为大学“核能概论”之类课程的英文教材，也可以作为核工业界各类培训班的教材。伊恩·霍尔-拉齐以其专业的眼光引导读者领略了复杂核能系统的全貌。对于任何希望探知这个神秘世界并有志于理解其中关键内涵的读者来说，《21世纪的核能（第3版）》都会提供不可多得的帮助。