孔学今义

Foreword v

About the Authorsvii

Chapter 1 Confucius Was Great

1.1 His Great Personality

1.2 His Humanism

1.3 First Democratic Educator

1.4 An Accomplished Philosophical Man

1.5 Inauguration of a New Era

1.6 The Four Steps

1.7 Aim at the Dao

1.8 Build up a Base with Virtue

1.9 Rely on Ren

1.10 Relax in the Arts

1.11 Man’s Mind， Nature， and Sentiments

1.12 Learning， Knowledge， Intuition

1.13 Action

1.14 Have a Sincere Will

1.15 Happiness in the Dao

1.16 The Middle Way

1.17 To Be a Sage Inside and a King Outside

1.18 People Are Masters

1.19 Confucianism and the Idea of Revolution

1.20 Great Harmony

1.21 Lineage of Confucianism

1.22 A Confucianist Century for the World

Chapter 2 Philosophy of Life

2.1 A Humanist Philosophy

2.2 Ren， a Concept Created by Confucius

2.3 Righteousness： Its Relationships with Ren，with Courage， with the Li， etc.

2.4 Filial Devotion

2.5 Trustworthiness

2.6 Loyalty and Empathy

2.7 Public Spirit and Straightforwardness

2.8 Respect and Sincerity

2.9 Calmness and Firmness

2.10 Thrift， Modesty， and Willingness to Yield

2.11 Seeing a Man’s Merit Through His Faults

2.12 Overcoming One’s Self in Order to Get Back to the Li

Chapter 3 Philosophy of Education

3.1 The Goal of Education

3.2 The Systems of Education

3.3 Equality of Opportunity in Education a New Trend in the 20th Century

3.4 National Homogeneity Through Education

3.5 Upholding Man’s Virtuous Nature

3.6 Learning about the Dao Through Inquiry and Practice

3.7 Grasping the Vast and Big

3.8 Exhausting the Subtle and Abstruse

3.9 Textbooks and Curricula

3.10 Methods of Instruction

3.11 The Way of a Teacher

3.12 Friends as Teachers

3.13 Giving Education to More People

3.14 Character-Building

Chapter 4 Political Philosophy

4.1 The People Are Important

4.2 Heaven’s Mandate Is Revocable

4.3 Notions of Liberty and Equality

4.4 Governing a Country with the Li

4.5 Rectifying the Names

4.6 Politics and Education

4.7 Politics and Ethics

4.8 Administration by the Elite

4.9 The Way of a Statesman

4.10 Secrets of Efficiency

4.11 The Problem of Public Opinion

4.12 Self-Cultivation

4.13 Regulation of the Family

4.14 Self-Government on the Xiang Level

4.15 How to Govern a Whole Country

4.16 Confucianism and Dr. Sun’s Three Principles

4.17 Pacification of the World

4.18 Da-tong （Great Harmony）

Chapter 5 Philosophy of Law

5.1 The Place of Law in Chinese Culture

5.2 The Li versus the Law

5.3 The Three Classics on the Li

5.4 Some Stimulating Comments on the Li

5.5 The Li and the Natural Law

5.6 The Writing and Publication of the Law

5.7 Applications of the Law

5.8 Judges

5.9 The Legalists

5.10 Some Principles in Chinese Law

5.11 The Chinese Legal System

Chapter 6 Philosophy of Art

6.1 A Country Dedicated to the Li and the Yue

6.2 Harmony， the Spirit of the Yue

6.3 Confucius the Artist

6.4 Songs and Dances

6.5 Poetics

6.6 Diction in Prose

6.7 A Further Discussion on Music

6.8 Masters of the Yue

6.9 Musical Instruments

6.10 A Further Discussion on the Dance

6.11 Painting

6.12 Physical Culture

6.13 Living with Nature

6.14 Aesthetics and Education

Chapter 7 Philosophy of Change and of History

7.1 Theories and Facts

7.2 The Book of Changes ： Its Own History

7.3 The Yin and the Yang， the Ultimate Being， and the Ultimate Nothingness

7.4 Change， No-Change， Simplicity

7.5 The Virtue of Modesty

7.6 Rising up from Trouble

7.7 Lessons from The Book of Documents

7.8 An Interpretation of History

7.9 Chun-qiu

7.10 Using the Right Words

7.11 Upholding National Unity

7.12 Curbing the Barbarians

7.13 The Three Commentaries of the Chun-qiu

7.14 A Great Tradition： Historians’ Integrity

Chapter 8 Military Philosophy

8.1 Confucius Was a Knight

8.2 Preparedness

8.3 Defense Through Virtue

8.4 A Ren Man Can Never Be Defeated

8.5 Using Kindness to Put an End to Troubles

8.6 A Ren Man Has to Resist Aggression

8.7 Wang Yi， a Boy Who Died for Lu

8.8 Ran Qiu， Scholar-soldier

8.9 Zi-gong， an Adroit Diplomat

8.10 Cautiousness and Careful Planning

8.11 Military Organization During the Middle Zhou

8.12 A Pact for Permanent Peace

Chapter 9 Religious Philosophy

9.1 Heaven’s Dao

9.2 Tian

9.3 The Orders from Heaven

9.4 Heaven and Man Are One

9.5 Reverence for Heaven and Love for Man

9.6 Filial Piety

9.7 Life and Death

9.8 Sacrificial Ceremonies

9.9 The Catholic Appraisal of China’s Religious Tradition

9.10 Confucius Prayed

9.11 Is Confucianism a Religion

9.12 The Confucianist Motto： Be Sincere

Chapter 10 The Model Types of Men by Confucian Standards

10.1 Perfection Was the Aim

10.2 The Ru （儒）， Scholar with a Principle

10.3 The Good Men， the Accomplished Men， and the Great Men

10.4 The Shi （士）， Knight-Scholar with a Purpose

10.5 The Jun-zi （君子）， Perfect Gentlemen

10.6 The Xian-men （贤人）， the Worthy Ones

10.7 The Sheng-men （圣人）， the Sages

10.8 The Sages in Legendary Times

10.9 The Five Ren-men （仁人） of Shang

10.10 The Sages and the Xian-men of Early Zhou

10.11 Guan Zhong and Zi-chan

10.12 Liu-xia Hui and Qu Bo-yu

Chapter 11 The Disciples of Confucius

11.1 The Number of Disciples

11.2 Their Geographical Origins

11.3 Their Years of Birth

11.4 The Ten Disciples with Four Kinds of Specialties

11.5 Yan Yuan

11.6 Min Zi-qian， Ran Bo-niu， and Zhong-gong

11.7 Zai Wo and Zi-gong

11.8 Ran You and Zi-lu

11.9 Zi-you

11.10 Zi-xia

11.11 Zeng Shen

11.12 Zi-zhang

11.13 Some Other Disciples

11.14 Epilogue

Chapter 12 Confucianist Lineage

12.1 A Main Stream in Chinese Cultural History

12.2 Beginnings of Confucianism

12.3 The Spread of Confucianism

12.4 Confucianism During the Warring States Periods

12.5 Confucianism During the Han Dynasty

12.6 Confucianism During the Wei， Jin， Southern and Northern Dynasties

12.7 Confucianism During the Sui Dynasty

12.8 Confucianism During the Tang Dynasty

12.9 Confucianism During the Northern Song Dynasty

12.10 Confucianism During the Southern Song Dynasty

12.11 Confucianism During the Yuan Dynasty

12.12 Confucianism During the Ming Dynasty

12.13 Confucianism During the Qing Dynasty

Chapter 13 Classics and Memorials

13.1 Confucius the Educator and Confucius the Author

13.2 The Book of Changes

13.3 The Book of Songs

13.4 The Book of Documents

13.5 The Chun-qiu and Its Three Commentaries

13.6 The Three Classics on the Li

13.7 The Xiao-jing

13.8 The Four Books

13.9 The Great Learning

13.10 The Analects

13.11 The Mencius

13.12 The Doctrine of the Mean

13.13 Evaluation of Ancient Texts

13.14 The Confucian Temple and the Confucian Forest at Qufu

13.15 Honors and Ceremonials Conferred on Confucius and the Outstanding Confucianists

13.16 Birthday of Confucius and Teachers’ Day

Chapter 14 Confucianism in Eastern Nations

14.1 Confucianism and Eastern Culture

14.2 Cultural Contacts Between China and Korea

14.3 Silla and Its Flower Youths

14.4 Confucianism in Koryo

14.5 Confucianism in Yi’s Chao-xian

14.6 Korea’s Achievements in Music

14.7 Cultural Contacts Between China and Japan

14.8 Confucianism in Japan Prior to the Sui and the Tang Dynasties

14.9 Confucianism in Japan During the Sui and the Tang Dynasties

14.10 Confucianism in Japan from the Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty

14.11 Zhu Shun-shui’s Academic Activities in Japan

14.12 Confucianism in Contemporary Japan

14.13 The Confucian Temple at Yushima and the Shibun Kai

14.14 The Tenri University

14.15 Confucianism in Ryukyu

14.16 Confucianism in Vietnam

Chapter 15 Confucian Studies in Western Countries

15.1 Confucianism and Western Culture

15.2 The Early Catholic Missionaries in China

15.3 Translations of the Confucian Classics by Catholic Missionaries and Their Other Writings Concerning China

15.4 G. W. Leibnitz

15.5 Voltaire

15.6 Confucian Studies in England from Johnson to Toynbee

15.7 Confucian Studies in Italy， Spain， Portugal， the Netherlands， and Sweden

15.8 Confucian Studies in the United States

Chapter 16 The Period of the Spring and Autumn：A General Survey

16.1 The Zeitgeist of the Period of the Spring and Autumn

16.2 Major Events During this Period： A Very Brief Chronology

16.3 Regions and States

16.4 Cultural Assimilation and Territorial Expansion

16.5 Geographical Distribution of 42 Famous Persons

16.6 Government by the Li

16.7 Guan Zhong

16.8 Zi-chan

16.9 Lao-zi

16.10 The Most Important Contributions Made by Confucius

16.11 The Great Synthesizer， the Most Sagely Sage， and the Revered Teacher

16.12 Spread of Confucian Teachings to Other Parts of the World

Appendix

Bibliography

1. Books in Western Languages

2. Books in Chinese

Index

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