汉语违实成分

Foreword

List of Abbreviations

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1.1 Theories

of Conditionals and CFCs

1.2 Goals of This Book

1.3 Some Basic Concepts

of Conditionals

1.3.1 Various Conditionals

1.3.2 Examining the

Grammatical Features of Conditionals

1.4 Structure of This Book

CHAPTER

TWO A SURVEY OF CONDITIONALS AND CFCS IN CHINESE

2.1 Chinese Conditionals

2.1.1 Conditionals vs.Hypotheticals：A New Definition

2.1.2

Subclassification of Conditionals

2.1.3 Chinese and English Conditionals

2.1.3.1 Chinese Donkey Sentences

Foreword

List of Abbreviations

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1.1 Theories

of Conditionals and CFCs

1.2 Goals of This Book

1.3 Some Basic Concepts

of Conditionals

1.3.1 Various Conditionals

1.3.2 Examining the

Grammatical Features of Conditionals

1.4 Structure of This Book

CHAPTER

TWO A SURVEY OF CONDITIONALS AND CFCS IN CHINESE

2.1 Chinese Conditionals

2.1.1 Conditionals vs.Hypotheticals：A New Definition

2.1.2

Subclassification of Conditionals

2.1.3 Chinese and English Conditionals

2.1.3.1 Chinese Donkey Sentences

2.1.3.2 Tense Expressions

2.1.4

Some Grammatical Features of Conditionals in Chinese

2.1.4.1 Hypothetical

Conjunctions

2.1.4.2 The Components of a Conditional

2.1.4.3

Subjectivity in Conditionals

2.1.4.4 Conditional as a Typical Irrealis Modal

Sentence

2.2 Some Basic Concepts about CFCs

2.2.1 Definitions

2.2.2

CF Sentence as Subjectivised Construction

2.2.3 Modality and CFC

CHAPTER

THREE LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 Early Stage（before 1980s）

3.2 Middle

Stage（mid 1980s to early 2000s）

3.2.1 Guohua Chen（1988）and Yan Jiang（2000）

3.2.2 Weixian Wang et a1.（1994），Fuyi Xing（2001） and Jiaxuan Shen（2003）

3.3 Recent Stage（Since the beginning of the 21 st century till now

3.3.1

Realis VS.Irrealis—Xiaoying Luo（2006），Min Li（2006），Xiaoling Wang（2007），Xueping

Zhang（2008）

3.3.2 Psychological Experimental Approach

3.3.3 Linguistic

Approach（Yaoshi（要是）VS.Yaobushi（要不是）一Yuying Su（2008））

CHAPTER FOUR CF

INGREDIENTS（Ⅰ）：TEMPORAL EXPRESSIONS

4.1 A Brief Review of the Previous

Studies on Temporal Structure in Chinese

4.1.1 Tripartite Temporal

Structure—Ping Chen（1988）

4.1.2 Formal Approaches—Yan Jiang&Haihua

Pan（2005）

4.1.3 Temporal Reference—Yang Gu（2007）

4.1.4 Relevance—Account

of le（了）and guo（过）一Ljungqvist（2007）

4.2 An Analysis Based on Tripartite

Temporal System

4.2.1 Phase

4.2.2 Aspect

4.2.3 Tense

4.3 More on

Temporal Anchoring

4.4 Interim Summary

CHAPTER FIVE CF INGREDIENTS（Ⅱ）

5.1 Hypothetical Conjunctions

5.1.1

Ruguo（如果）（Yaoshi（要是），Yao（要），Jiaru（假如），Jiashi（假使），Jiashe（假设），Tangruo（倘若），Ruruo（如若），Sheruo（设若），etc.）

5.1.2 Yaobushi（要不是）（Ruofei（若非），Ruobushi（若不是），Ruguobushi（如果不是），etc.）

5.1.3 Wanyi（万一）

5.1.4 A Brief Summary

5.1.5 CF Sentences Without

C0njunctions

5.2 Negation

5.3 Personal Pronouns

5.4 Rhetorical

Questions

5.5 CF Enhancers

5.6 Summary

CHAPTER SIX GENERATING

COUNTERFACTUALITY IN MANDARIN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

6.1 Context Determinism

vs.Ingredient Determinism

6.2 Minimalism， Contextualism and Indexicalism

6.3 A Three—Layer Context System

6.3.1 CF Ingredients：Local Context

6.3.1.1 CF Ingredients Revisited

6.3.1.2 Numbers Talk

6.3.1.3

Working Mechanism

6.3.2 Protasis and Apodosis：Compound Sentence Context

6.3.2.1 Binding Argument

6.3.2.2 From Protasis to Apodosis：A Process of

Saturation

6.3.3 Macro Context

6.3.4 Interaction of Three Layers of

Contexts

CHAPTER SEVEN CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

7.1

More on the Interpretational System

7.2 Recapitulation

7.3 Suggestions

for Future Research

REFERENCES

APPENDIX Ⅰ

APPENDIX Ⅱ

APPENDIX Ⅲ

APPENDIX Ⅳ

APPENDIX Ⅴ

Acknowledgements

《汉语违实成分研究》对汉语违实意义的实现进行了探讨。作者王宇婴首先归纳和整理了对违实义有直接或者间接贡献的词汇结构和句法表达，包括时间因素、假设连词、否定词、反义疑问句、人称代词等，在对他们的作用从语义、语用角度进行分析的基础上，对违实义推导过程做概括性的描述，证明可以通过三层语境实现。