建筑设备工程CAD制图与识图

序

第3 版前言

第2 版前言

第1 版前言

第1章绪论....................................................

1

1.1 投影基本术语.....................................

1

1.2 图的种类术语.....................................

5

1.3 制图的标准化体系.............................

6

1.3.1

技术制图的标准化体系...............

7

1.3.2

CAD 制图的标准化体系..............

8

1.3.3

国外标准化组织简介...................

9

第2 章 房屋建筑制图统一标准.................. 11

2.1 图纸规格........................................... 11

2.1.1

图纸幅面规格............................. 11

2.1.2

标题栏......................................... 12

2.1.3

图样编排顺序............................. 13

2.2 图线、字体与比例........................... 14

2.2.1

图线............................................. 14

2.2.2

字体............................................. 15

2.2.3

比例............................................. 16

2.3 定位轴线与指北针........................... 16

2.3.1

定位轴线..................................... 16

2.3.2

指北针......................................... 18

2.4 常用建筑图例和材料图例............... 18

2.4.1

常用建筑材料图例..................... 19

2.4.2

常用建筑图例............................. 20

2.5 图样画法........................................... 23

2.5.1

投影法......................................... 23

2.5.2

视图布置..................................... 23

2.5.3

剖面图和断面图......................... 25

2.5.4 简化画法......................................26

2.5.5 房屋建筑的轴测图......................28

2.6

标注...................................................29

2.6.1

尺寸界线、尺寸线及尺寸

起止符号.....................................29

2.6.2

尺寸数字......................................30

2.6.3

半径、直径、球的尺寸标注........31

2.6.4

角度、弧度、弧长的标注..........32

2.6.5

尺寸的简化标注..........................32

2.6.6

标高与坡度..................................33

2.6.7

索引符号......................................34

2.6.8

引出线..........................................35

2.7

建筑图的识读...................................36

2.7.1 建筑制图基本知识......................37

2.7.2 建筑识图举例..............................39

2.8

在AutoCAD 中实现制图

标准化...............................................51

2.8.1 两种制图模式..............................51

2.8.2 制图单位......................................52

2.8.3 制图比例......................................52

2.8.4 线宽..............................................52

2.8.5 图层..............................................53

2.8.6 线型..............................................55

2.8.7 字体..............................................55

2.8.8 尺寸标注......................................56

2.8.9 制作模板......................................57

2.8.10 图框............................................57

建筑设备工程CAD 制图与识图 第3 版

2.9 计算机制图文件的组织................... 57

2.9.1

工程图纸的编号......................... 57

2.9.2

计算机制图文件的命名............. 59

2.9.3

计算机制图文件夹..................... 60

2.9.4 协同设计与计算机制图文件..... 60

第3 章 冷热源机房...................................... 61

3.1 管道表达........................................... 61

3.1.1

管道画法..................................... 61

3.1.2

管道标注..................................... 64

3.2 图形符号........................................... 67

3.2.1

水、汽管道常用图例................. 67

3.2.2

调节控制装置图形符号............. 70

3.3 供热工程制图标准........................... 72

3.3.1

一般规定..................................... 72

3.3.2

管道画法与代号......................... 72

3.3.3

阀门画法..................................... 74

3.3.4

图形符号..................................... 75

3.3.5

管道图识图举例......................... 77

3.4 设备本体的识读和绘制................... 78

3.4.1

设备图识读和绘制的

一般原则.................................... 79

3.4.2

泵与风机..................................... 80

3.4.3

冷水机组..................................... 84

3.4.4

燃油燃气锅炉............................. 88

3.5 冷热源制图一般规定....................... 94

3.5.1

冷热源工程所需的图样............. 94

3.5.2

图样目录..................................... 95

3.5.3

设备和材料表............................. 95

3.5.4

设计说明..................................... 96

3.5.5

原理图......................................... 97

3.5.6

设备平面图、剖面图................. 98

3.5.7

设备和管道平面图、剖面图..... 98

3.5.8

管路系统轴测图......................... 99

3.5.9

大样详图..................................... 99

3.6 冷热源机房识图............................. 104

3.6.1

系统原理....................................104

3.6.2

设备和管道布置........................105

3.7 冷热源CAD 制图方法...................112

3.7.1

图层设置....................................112

3.7.2

图形符号库的建立....................112

3.7.3

双线管道（或墙体）的

绘制...........................................114

3.7.4 正等轴测图的绘制方法............115

第4 章 采暖工程.........................................116

4.1 采暖制图基本方法.........................116

4.1.1

一般规定....................................116

4.1.2

设计施工说明............................117

4.1.3

平面图........................................118

4.1.4

采暖系统轴测图........................120

4.2

单户水平式采暖系统的

制图表达.........................................122

4.2.1

平面图........................................122

4.2.2

管路系统的表达........................127

4.3 采暖系统CAD 制图.......................130

4.3.1

图层设置....................................130

4.3.2

相同内容的绘制........................130

4.3.3

过滤器的使用............................131

4.3.4 正面斜等测图的绘制................132

第5 章 空调通风工程.................................133

5.1 线型与比例.....................................134

5.2 风管系统的表达方法.....................134

5.2.1

风管画法....................................134

5.2.2

风管代号及系统代号................136

5.2.3

风管尺寸与标高的标注............137

5.3 常用图例.........................................138

5.3.1

各种风阀及附件........................138

5.3.2

风系统常用设备........................141

5.4 空调通风制图基本方法.................142

5.4.1

空调通风工程图的特点............142

5.4.2

一般规定....................................143

目录

5.4.3

图样目录................................... 143

5.4.4

设备与主要材料表................... 144

5.4.5

设计施工说明........................... 144

5.4.6

原理图....................................... 150

5.4.7

平面图....................................... 153

5.4.8

剖面图....................................... 160

5.4.9

轴测图....................................... 161

5.4.10

空调机组配置图..................... 166

5.5 工业通风工程制图与识图............. 169

5.5.1

工业通风工程常用图形符号..... 169

5.5.2

工业通风工程制图的

基本原则................................... 172

5.5.3

工业通风工程实例................... 174

5.6 空调通风系统CAD 制图.............. 180

5.6.1

图层设置................................... 180

5.6.2 简化命令的自定义................... 180

第6 章 建筑给水排水工程........................ 181

6.1 制图一般规定................................. 181

6.2 常用图例......................................... 183

6.3 制图的基本内容和方法................. 189

6.3.1

图样目录................................... 189

6.3.2

设计说明................................... 189

6.3.3

平面图....................................... 190

6.3.4

轴测图....................................... 195

6.3.5

管道展开系统图....................... 199

6.4 给水排水工程图的阅读................. 200

6.4.1

给水排水平面图的阅读........... 200

6.4.2

给水排水系统轴测图的

阅读........................................... 201

6.5 给水排水工程图的CAD 绘制...... 202

6.5.1

图层设置................................... 202

6.5.2

单行文字与多行文字............... 203

6.5.3 Purge 命令的使用..................... 203

第7 章 建筑电气工程................................ 204

7.1 综述................................................. 204

7.1.1 适用标准....................................204

7.1.2 电气图分类................................206

7.2 建筑电气制图基本规定.................207

7.2.1 图线............................................207

7.2.2

比例............................................208

7.2.3

图样画法一般规定与

图样编排...................................208

7.2.4

编号与参照代号........................209

7.2.5

电气线路的标注........................213

7.2.6

电气设备的标注........................217

7.3 建筑电气工程常用符号.................219

7.3.1 操作与效应................................219

7.3.2 电线、电缆的表示....................220

7.3.3 触点............................................221

7.3.4 开关、接触器等........................223

7.3.5 信号装置....................................225

7.3.6 插座、开关、配电箱................225

7.3.7 照明灯具....................................227

7.3.8 电机............................................227

7.3.9 建筑设备监控系统....................228

7.4 建筑电气控制电路图.....................229

7.4.1

电路图画法................................229

7.4.2

电气控制电路图端子的

标识...........................................230

7.4.3

电动机控制电路图实例............231

7.5 电气照明工程图.............................233

7.5.1 系统图和平面图画法................233

7.5.2 常用照明线路分析....................234

7.5.3 识图举例....................................236

7.6 动力配电工程图.............................241

7.6.1 动力配电工程图的内容............241

7.6.2 读图举例....................................242

7.7 建筑电气CAD 制图.......................245

7.7.1 图层设置....................................245

7.7.2 CAD 图的打印输出..................246

7.7.3 汉字乱码的解决........................247

建筑设备工程CAD 制图与识图 第3 版

第8 章 建筑消防工程................................ 248

8.1 防排烟系统..................................... 248

8.1.1

防排烟基本知识....................... 248

8.1.2

防火阀、排烟阀....................... 250

8.1.3

防排烟工程实例....................... 251

8.2 消防灭火系统................................. 256

8.2.1

消火栓给水系统....................... 257

8.2.2

自动喷水灭火系统................... 258

8.2.3

消火栓和自动喷水灭火

工程实例................................... 260

8.3 火灾自动报警系统......................... 265

8.3.1

火灾自动报警系统制图

基本内容................................... 265

8.3.2

火灾自动报警系统工程

实例........................................... 271

8.4 AutoCAD 中图纸布局的使用........ 273

8.4.1

图层的分组管理....................... 277

8.4.2

创建图纸布局........................... 277

8.4.3

图纸空间和模型空间的

切换........................................... 278

8.4.4

设置和锁定图纸比例............... 278

8.4.5

布局中图层的管理................... 279

8.4.6 在布局视口中缩放线型........... 280

第9章 国外工程图的识读......................... 281

9.1 ISO 暖通空调、卫生工程制图...... 281

9.1.1

汽水管道系统........................... 283

9.1.2

风管系统................................... 285

9.1.3

仪表自控系统........................... 286

9.1.4

卫生设备与器具....................... 286

9.2 英国供热通风与空调工程制图.....287

9.2.1

管线的表达................................288

9.2.2

阀门............................................290

9.2.3

测试和控制用敏感元件............291

9.2.4

设备............................................291

9.2.5

暖通空调画法............................292

9.2.6

制图与识图举例........................296

9.3 美国暖通空调工程制图.................299

9.3.1

风管及其配件符号....................299

9.3.2

汽水管路及其附件符号............304

9.3.3

控制符号....................................308

9.3.4

设备符号....................................311

9.4 日本建筑环境与设备工程图.........312

9.4.1

综述............................................312

9.4.2

风管系统的图形符号................313

9.4.3

管道表示方法............................316

9.4.4

阀门、仪表等............................321

9.4.5

给排水、卫生、

消防用器具...............................323

9.4.6

燃气用器具................................327

9.4.7

暖通设备....................................327

9.4.8 制图实例....................................334

附录.................................................................337

附录A 空调工程实例...........................337

附录B 建筑给水排水工程实例...........350

附录C 建筑电气工程实例...................356

附录D 建筑设备电路图的识读...........368

参考文献.........................................................375

CONTENTS

Preface

Foreword to the third edition

Foreword to the second edition

Foreword to the first edition

1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Terms relating to representation ...............................................................................................

1

1.2 Terms relating to types of drawings..........................................................................................

5

1.3 Structure of CAD drawing standards........................................................................................

6

1.3.1 Structure of technical drawing standards .....................................................................

7

1.3.2 Structure of CAD drawing standards ...........................................................................

8

1.3.3 Introduction to standardization organizations abroad ..................................................

9

2 Unified standard for building drawings ..........................................................................................11

2.1 Specifications of drawing sheets .............................................................................................11

2.1.1 Formats........................................................................................................................11

2.1.2 Title blocks................................................................................................................. 12

2.1.3 Order of drawings ...................................................................................................... 13

2.2 Lines, lettering and scales....................................................................................................... 14

2.2.1 Lines.......................................................................................................................... 14

2.2.2 Lettering ..................................................................................................................... 15

2.2.3 Scales ......................................................................................................................... 16

2.3 Locating axis and compass symbol ........................................................................................ 16

2.3.1 Locating axis .............................................................................................................. 16

2.3.2 Symbol of compass .................................................................................................... 18

2.4 Common graphical symbols for building material and elements ........................................... 18

2.4.1 graphical symbols for building material..................................................................... 19

2.4.2 graphical symbols for building elements ................................................................... 20

2.5 Representations of drawings................................................................................................... 23

2.5.1 Projection methods..................................................................................................... 23

2.5.2 Layouts of views ........................................................................................................ 23

2.5.3 Sections and cuts ........................................................................................................ 25

2.5.4 Simplified representations.......................................................................................... 26

2.5.5 axonometric representations in building drawings..................................................... 28

建筑设备工程CAD 制图与识图 第3 版

2.6 Dimensioning ......................................................................................................................... 29

2.6.1 Projection lines, dimension lines and termination...................................................... 29

2.6.2 Dimensional values .................................................................................................... 30

2.6.3 Dimensioning of radii, diameters and spheres ........................................................... 31

2.6.4 Dimensioning of angles, arcs and chords................................................................... 32

2.6.5 Simplified dimensions................................................................................................ 32

2.6.6 Level and amount of slope ......................................................................................... 33

2.6.7 key line / reference symbol ........................................................................................ 34

2.6.8 Leader lines ................................................................................................................ 35

2.7 Comprehension of architectural drawings.............................................................................. 36

2.7.1 Basics of architectural drawings ................................................................................ 37

2.7.2 A case study of architectural drawings....................................................................... 39

2.8 Standardization of drawing in AutoCAD ............................................................................... 51

2.8.1 Two drawing patterns................................................................................................. 51

2.8.2 Drawing units............................................................................................................. 52

2.8.3 Scales......................................................................................................................... 52

2.8.4 Line width .................................................................................................................. 52

2.8.5 Layers......................................................................................................................... 53

2.8.6 Line styles .................................................................................................................. 55

2.8.7 Lettering ..................................................................................................................... 55

2.8.8 Dimensions................................................................................................................. 56

2.8.9 Templates ................................................................................................................... 57

2.8.10 Borders ..................................................................................................................... 57

2.9 Orgnization of CAD drawing files ......................................................................................... 57

2.9.1 Numbering of drawings.............................................................................................. 57

2.9.2 Denomination of drawing files................................................................................... 59

2.9.3 File folders of CAD drawings .................................................................................... 60

2.9.4 Concurrent design and CAD drawing ........................................................................ 60

Cooling and heating plant ................................................................................................................ 61

3.1 Representations of piping ....................................................................................................... 61

3.1.1 Representations of pipes............................................................................................. 61

3.1.2 Dimensioning of pipes ............................................................................................... 64

3.2 Graphical symbols for water and steam piping system .......................................................... 67

3.2.1 Graphical symbols for piping..................................................................................... 67

3.2.2 Symbols of control devices ........................................................................................ 70

目录

3.3 Standard for heat-supply drawings ......................................................................................... 72

3.3.1 Symbols of sectional views........................................................................................ 72

3.3.2 Representations of piping system............................................................................... 72

3.3.3 Cases of reading of piping drawings.......................................................................... 74

3.3.4 Graphical symbols...................................................................................................... 75

3.3.5 Reading of piping drawings ....................................................................................... 77

3.4 Comprehension and drawing of proper body of equipment ................................................... 78

3.4.1 General rules of Comprehension and drawing........................................................... 79

3.4.2 Pumps and fans .......................................................................................................... 80

3.4.3 Chillers ....................................................................................................................... 84

3.4.4 Oil / gas-fired boilers ................................................................................................. 88

3.5 General specifications for cooling and heating plant drawings.............................................. 94

3.5.1 Drawings generally required ...................................................................................... 94

3.5.2 List of drawings.......................................................................................................... 95

3.5.3 List of equipment and material................................................................................... 95

3.5.4 Design description...................................................................................................... 96

3.5.5 Schematic diagrams ................................................................................................... 97

3.5.6 Plans and sections for equipment............................................................................... 98

3.5.7 Plans and sections for equipment and piping system................................................. 98

3.5.8 Piping system drawings.............................................................................................. 99

3.5.9 Detail drawing............................................................................................................ 99

3.6 Reading of cooling and heating plant drawings ................................................................... 104

3.6.1 Fundamentals of the system ..................................................................................... 104

3.6.2 Layouts of equipment and the piping system........................................................... 105

3.7 CAD drawing of heating and cooling plants .........................................................................112

3.7.1 Conventions for layers ..............................................................................................112

3.7.2 Buildup of graphical symbol libraries.......................................................................112

3.7.3 Drawing of double-line pipes (or walls) ...................................................................114

3.7.4 Preparation of isometric drawings.............................................................................115

4 Space heating engineering...............................................................................................................116

4.1 Drawing of space heating engineering ..................................................................................116

4.1.1 General ......................................................................................................................116

4.1.2 Design description.....................................................................................................117

4.1.3 Plans..........................................................................................................................118

4.1.4 Axonometric drawings ............................................................................................. 120

建筑设备工程CAD 制图与识图 第3 版

4.2 Representation of household horizontal heating systems..................................................... 122

4.2.1 Plans ......................................................................................................................... 122

4.2.2 System drawings ...................................................................................................... 127

4.3 CAD drawing for heating systems........................................................................................ 130

4.3.1 Conventions for layers ............................................................................................. 130

4.3.2 Drawing of identical objects .................................................................................... 130

4.3.3 Usage of filter........................................................................................................... 131

4.3.4 Preparation of normal planometric drawing............................................................. 132

Air conditioning and ventilation engineering............................................................................... 133

5.1 Line styles and scales ........................................................................................................... 134

5.2 Drawing of air ducts ............................................................................................................. 134

5.2.1 Representations of air ducts ..................................................................................... 134

5.2.2 Codes for ducts and systems .................................................................................... 136

5.2.3 Dimensioning of ducts ............................................................................................. 137

5.3 Graphical symbols ................................................................................................................ 138

5.3.1 Dampers and fittings ................................................................................................ 138

5.3.2 Air handling equipment............................................................................................ 141

5.4 Basic method for air conditioning drawings......................................................................... 142

5.4.1 Features of air conditioning drawings...................................................................... 142

5.4.2 General ..................................................................................................................... 143

5.4.3 List of drawings........................................................................................................ 143

5.4.4 List of equipment and material................................................................................. 144

5.4.5 Design and construction description ........................................................................ 144

5.4.6 Schematic diagrams.................................................................................................. 150

5.4.7 Plans ......................................................................................................................... 153

5.4.8 Sections and elevations ............................................................................................ 160

5.4.9 System drawings ...................................................................................................... 161

5.4.10 Assembly drawing of air handling units................................................................. 166

5.5 Drawings of industrial ventilation ........................................................................................ 169

5.5.1 Graphical symbols.................................................................................................... 169

5.5.2 General rules of drawing.......................................................................................... 172

5.5.3 An example of industrial ventilation project............................................................ 174

5.6 CAD drawing of air conditioning systems ........................................................................... 180

5.6.1 Conventions for layers ............................................................................................. 180

5.6.2 Customization of shortened command names.......................................................... 180

目录

6 Building water supply and drainage engineering ........................................................................ 181

6.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 181

6.2 Graphical symbols................................................................................................................ 183

6.3 Basic conventions of drawings............................................................................................. 189

6.3.1 List of drawings........................................................................................................ 189

6.3.2 Design description.................................................................................................... 189

6.3.3 Plans......................................................................................................................... 190

6.3.4 Axonometric drawings ............................................................................................. 195

6.3.5 System expansion drawings ..................................................................................... 199

6.4 Reading of water supply and drainage drawings.................................................................. 200

6.4.1 Reading of plans....................................................................................................... 200

6.4.2 Reading of system drawings .................................................................................... 201

6.5 CAD preparation for water supply and drainage drawings .................................................. 202

6.5.1 Conventions of layers............................................................................................... 202

6.5.2 Single line text and multi-line text ........................................................................... 203

6.5.3 Usage of purge ......................................................................................................... 203

7 Building electric work .................................................................................................................... 204

7.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 204

7.1.1 Drawing standards.................................................................................................... 204

7.1.2 Classification of electric drawings ........................................................................... 206

7.2 General rules of Building electricity drawings..................................................................... 207

7.2.1 Lines......................................................................................................................... 207

7.2.2 Scales ....................................................................................................................... 208

7.2.3 Drawing general rules and ordering......................................................................... 208

7.2.4 Numbering and reference designation...................................................................... 209

7.2.5 Anotation of eletrical lines ....................................................................................... 213

7.2.6 Anotation of electrical equipment .......................................................................... 217

7.3 Symbols ............................................................................................................................... 219

7.3.1 Operation and effect.................................................

本书依据最新的《房屋建筑制图统一标准》《暖通空调制图标准》《建筑给水排水制图标准》《供热工程制图标准》以及首次颁布的《建筑电气制图标准》对第2 版的相关内容进行了更新。
全书系统地介绍了暖通空调、建筑给水排水、建筑电气工程的制图标准、识图方法和CAD 制图技巧。内容全面，资料丰富。几乎所有图形符号均采用英汉对照。全书共9 章，分别介绍了常用的制图术语和CAD 制图标准化体系，房屋建筑制图统一标准，暖通空调工程中的冷热源、采暖和空调通风工程的制图方法和技巧，建筑给水排水的制图，建筑消防工程制图，建筑设备电路图的识图、照明工程和动力配电工程的制图方法，ISO、英国、美国、日本暖通空调和卫生工程的制图标准。