母语者与学习者英汉语韵律发声研究

Foreword

Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 Research purposes

1.2 The importance of studying Learners' L2 as a system

1.3 The rare but vital phonation studies for prosody researches

1.4 Organization

2 Speech prosody

2.1 Prosody

2.2 Phonological vs. phonetic perspective

2.3 English vs. Chinese prosody

2.4 English prosody

2.5 Chinese prosody

2.5.1 Tone

2.5.2 Intonation

2.6 Interaction

2.7 Tone and pitch value

2.8 Narrow focus

2.9 Conclusion

3 Phonation studies for speech prosody

3.1 Universal vs. individual phonatory features

3.2 Phonation studies of L1 and L2

3.3 The physiological nature ofphonation

3.3.1 Introduction

3.3.2 Voicing mechanism

3.3.3 Research methods

4 EGG

4.1 Working principle

4.2 Parameters.

4.2.1 Four basic acoustic parameters of phonetics and their acoustic and psychological

counterparts

4.2.2 f0， OQ and SQ

4.3 Hardware

5 The phonation studies on narrow focus Syllable "/a//C_ （C）"of Chinese and English L1 and L2 speakers

5.1 Narrow focus in prosody

5.2 Traditional studies

5.3 Focus versus voice

5.4 Experiment

5.4.1 Introduction

5.4.2 Method

5.4.2.1 EGG

5.4.3 Parameters

5.4.4 Participants

5.4.5 Materials

5.4.6 Procedure

5.4.7 Results

5.4.8 Chinese material data analysis & discussion

5.4.8.1 fo

5.4.8.1.1 Symmetry on asymmetry

5.4.8.1.2 Different absolute fo change， proportionate change at sex levels..

5.4.8.1.3 fo contrast paradox

5.4.8.2 OQ

5.4.8.2.1 Male vs. female speakers

5.4.8.2.2 Chinese vs. American speakers

5.4.8.2.3 Growth of males' OQ

5.4.8.3 SQ

5.4.8.3.1 Male vs. female speakers

5.4.8.3.2 Long vs. short sentences

5.4.8.3.3 Compensatory effect of OQ & SQ to fo

5.4.9 English material data analysis & discussion

5.4.9.1 fo

5.4.9.1.1 Loose vs. tight CV（C） structure

5.4.9.1.2 fo contrast

5.4.9.1.3 Americans' strategy

5.4.9.1.4 Chinese' strategy

5.4.9.2 OQ & SQ

5.4.10 fo， OQ & SQ in a 3-Dimentional Matlab space

5.4.11 Conclusion

6 Prosodic hierarehies

6.1 Halliday's prosodic hierarchies

6.2 Wu Zongji's theory

6.3 Wang Hongjun's prosodic hierarchies

6.4 Prosodic hierarchies of Mandarin Chinese

6.5 Declination & downstep

6.6 Foot vs. PLS

6.7 Intonation phrases

6.8 Sentence stress vs. intonation

6.9 Sentence final intonation bearing unit

7 L1 and L2 Respiratory Patterns of Chinese and English Bilinguals' Read Speech

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Respiratory belt

7.3 Method

7.3.1 Participants

7.3.2 Material

7.3.3 Recording procedure

7.4 Results & analysis

7.5 Discussion

7.6 Conclusion

8 Conclusion

8.1 Summary

8.2 Limitations & future research

References

Appendices

Appendix Ⅰ

Appendix Ⅱ

Appendix Ⅲ

《母语者与学习者汉英语韵律发声研究》从信号处理角度依照语音学及音系学原理开展声学实验，考察了汉语、英语母语者和学习者分别对英、汉语句末窄焦点和朗读材料的呼吸模式这些超音段的韵律特征。研究显示：学习者的开商、速度商一起和基频呈互补关系。不同语言具有不同的呼吸模式。
　　汉语体现出典型的大呼吸含小呼吸、大小呼吸交替的“大跨步、小碎步”呼吸模式，英语则呈现各音段“步长类等”的呼吸模式。《母语者与学习者英汉语韵律发声研究》通过嗓音证据和呼吸模式的量化描述，揭示了母语者和学习者汉英语窄焦点和节奏这两个韵律特征实际的运作规律。