量子场论

PREFACE TO VOLUME 2

NOTATION

15 NON-ABELIAN GAUGE THEORIES

15.1 Gauge Invariance

15.2 Gauge Theory Lagrangians and Simple Lie Groups

15.3 Field Equations and Conservation Laws

15.4 Quantization

15.5 The De Witt-Faddeev-Popov Method

15.6 Ghosts

15.7 BRST Symmetry

15.8 Generalizations of BRST Symmetry

15.9 The Batalin-Vilkovisky Formalism

Appendix A A Theorem Regarding Lie Algebras

Appendix B The Cartan Catalog

Problems

References

16 EXTERNAL FIELD METHODS

16.1 The Quantum Effective Action

16.2 Cakulation of the Effective Potential

16.3 Energy Interpretation

16.4 Symmetries of the Etfective Action

Problems

References

17 RENORMALIZATION OF GAUGE THEORIES

18 RENORMALIZATION GROUP METHODS

19 SPONTANEOUSLY BROKEN GLOBAL SYMMETRIES

20 OPERATOR PRODUCT EXPANSIONS

21 SPONTANEOUSLY BROKEN GAUGE SYMMETRIES

22 ANOMALIES

23 EXTENDED FIELD CONFIGURATIONS

AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX

This volume describes the advances in the quantum theory of fields that have led to an understanding of the electroweak and strong interactions of the elementary particles. These interactions have all turned out to be governed by principles of gauge invariance， so we start here in Chapters 15-17 with gauge theories， generalizing the familiar gauge invariance of electrodynamics to non-Abelian Lie groups.
　　Some of the most dramatic aspects of gauge theories appear at high energy， and are best studied by the methods of the renormalization group. These methods are introduced in Chapter 18， and applied to quantum chromodynamics， the modern non-Abelian gauge theory of strong interactions， and also to critical phenomena in condensed matter physics. Chapter 19 deals with general spontaneously broken global symmetries， and their application to the broken approximate SU(2) x SU(2) and SU(3) x S U(3) symmetries of quantum chromodynamics. Both the renormalization group method and broken symmetries find some of their most interesting applications in the context of operator product expansions， discussed in Chapter 20.
　　The key to the understanding of the electroweak interactions is the spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetries， which are explored in Chap-ter 21 and applied to superconductivity as well as to the electroweak interactions. Quite apart from spontaneous symmetry breaking is the possibility of symmetry breaking by quantum-mechanical effects known as anomalies. Anomalies and various of their physical implications are presented in Chapter 22. This volume concludes with a discussion in Chapter 23 of extended field configurations， which can arise either as new ingredients in physical states， such as skyrmions， monopoles， or vortex lines， or as non-perturbative quantum corrections to path integrals， where anomalies play a crucial role.