量子输运 : 纳米科学导论

Preface page vii

Introduction 1

1 Scattering 7

1.1 Wave properties of electrons 7

1.2 Quantum contacts 17

1.3 Scattering matrix and the Landauer formula 29

1.4 Counting electrons 41

1.5 Multi-terminal circuits 49

1.6 Quantum interference 63

1.7 Time-dependent transport 81

1.8 Andreev scattering 98

1.9 Spin-dependent scattering 114

2 Classical and semiclassical transport 124

2.1 Disorder, averaging, and Ohm's law 125

2.2 Electron transport in solids 130

Preface page vii

Introduction 1

1 Scattering 7

1.1 Wave properties of electrons 7

1.2 Quantum contacts 17

1.3 Scattering matrix and the Landauer formula 29

1.4 Counting electrons 41

1.5 Multi-terminal circuits 49

1.6 Quantum interference 63

1.7 Time-dependent transport 81

1.8 Andreev scattering 98

1.9 Spin-dependent scattering 114

2 Classical and semiclassical transport 124

2.1 Disorder, averaging, and Ohm's law 125

2.2 Electron transport in solids 130

2.3 Semiclassical coherent transport 137

2.4 Current conservation and Kirchhoff rules 155

2.5 Reservoirs, nodes, and connectors 165

2.6 Ohm's law for transmission distribution 175

2.7 Spin transport 187

2.8 Circuit theory of superconductivity 193

2.9 Full counting statistics 205

3 Coulomb blockade 211

3.1 Charge quantization and charging energy 212

3.2 Single-electron transfers 223

3.3 Single-electron transport and manipulation 237

3.4 Co-tunneling 248

3.5 Macroscopic quantum mechanics 264

3.6 Josephson arrays 278

3.7 Superconducting islands beyond the Josephson limit 287

4 Randomness and interference 299

4.1 Random matrices 299

4.2 Energy-level statistics 309

4.3 Statistics of transmission eigenvalues 324

4.4 Interference corrections 336

4.5 Strong localization 363

5 Qubits and quantum dots 374

5.1 Quantum computers 375

5.2 Quantum goodies 386

5.3 Quantum manipulation 397

5.4 Quantum dots 406

5.5 Charge qubits 427

5.6 Phase and flux qubits 436

5.7 Spin qubits 445

6 Interaction, relaxation, and decoherence 457

6.1 Quantization of electric excitations 458

6.2 Dissipative quantum mechanics 470

6.3 Tunneling in an electromagnetic environment 487

6.4 Electrons moving in an environment 499

6.5 Weak interaction 513

6.6 Fermionic environment 523

6.7 Relaxation and decoherence of qubits 538

6.8 Relaxation and dephasing of electrons 549

Appendix A Survival kit for advanced quantum mechanics 562

Appendix B Survival kit for superconductivity 566

Appendix C Unit conversion 569

References 570

Index 577

《量子输运——纳米科学导论（英文影印版）》是对于快速发展的内容繁杂的量子输运领域的综合性介绍。量子输运在纳米器件中糅合了很多看似互相矛盾的概念，如量子与经典、导电性与绝缘性等等。作者在书中提供了宽广的理论背景和奠定该领域基础的开创性的实验。
　　本书适合纳米科学、纳米技术领域的研究人员作为参考，也可用作研究生教材。

《量子输运——纳米科学导论（英文影印版）》是影印版英文专著，原书由剑桥大学出版社于2009年出版。量子输运是纳米科技关键而富有挑战性的部分，其概念和方法对纳米尺度器件的成功制作至关重要。本书宽广的视野和深邃的分析将对纳米科学领域的研究者提供有力的帮助。