Ruby最佳实践

Foreword

Preface

1. Driving Code Through Tests

A Quick Note on Testing Frameworks

Designing for Testability

Testing Fundamentals

Well-Focused Examples

Testing Exceptions

Run the Whole Suite at Once

Advanced Testing Techniques

Using Mocks and Stubs

Testing Complex Output

Keeping Things Organized

Embedding Tests in Library Files

Test Helpers

Custom Assertions

Conclusions

2. Designing Beautiful APIs

Designing for Convenience: Ruport’s Table( ) feature

Ruby’s Secret Power: Flexible Argument Processing

Standard Ordinal Arguments

Ordinal Arguments with Optional Parameters

Pseudo-Keyword Arguments

Treating Arguments As an Array

Ruby’s Other Secret Power: Code Blocks

Working with Enumerable

Using Blocks to Abstract Pre- and Postprocessing

Blocks As Dynamic Callbacks

Blocks for Interface Simplification

Avoiding Surprises

Use attr_reader, attr_writer, and attr_accessor

Understand What method? and method! Mean

Make Use of Custom Operators

Conclusions

3. Mastering the Dynamic Toolkit

BlankSlate: A BasicObject on Steroids

Building Flexible Interfaces

Making instance_eval( ) Optional

Handling Messages with method_missing( ) and send( )

Dual-Purpose Accessors

Implementing Per-Object Behavior

Extending and Modifying Preexisting Code

Adding New Functionality

Modification via Aliasing

Per-Object Modification

Building Classes and Modules Programmatically

Registering Hooks and Callbacks

Detecting Newly Added Functionality

Tracking Inheritance

Tracking Mixins

Conclusions

4. Text Processing and File Management

Line-Based File Processing with State Tracking

Regular Expressions

Don’t Work Too Hard

Anchors Are Your Friends

Use Caution When Working with Quantifiers

Working with Files

Using Pathname and FileUtils

The tempfile Standard Library

Automatic Temporary Directory Handling

Collision Avoidance

Same Old I/O Operations

Automatic Unlinking

Text-Processing Strategies

Advanced Line Processing

Atomic Saves

Conclusions

5. Functional Programming Techniques

Laziness Can Be a Virtue (A Look at lazy.rb)

Minimizing Mutable State and Reducing Side Effects

Modular Code Organization

Memoization

Infinite Lists

Higher-Order Procedures

Conclusions

6. When Things Go Wrong

A Process for Debugging Ruby Code

Capturing the Essence of a Defect

Scrutinizing Your Code

Utilizing Reflection

Improving inspect Output

Finding Needles in a Haystack

Working with Logger

Conclusions

7. Reducing Cultural Barriers

m17n by Example: A Look at Ruby’s CSV Standard Library

Portable m17n Through UTF-8 Transcoding

Source Encodings

Working with Files

Transcoding User Input in an Organized Fashion

m17n in Standalone Scripts

Inferring Encodings from Locale

Customizing Encoding Defaults

m17n-Safe Low-Level Text Processing

Localizing Your Code

Conclusions

8. Skillful Project Maintenance

Exploring a Well-Organized Ruby Project (Haml)

Conventions to Know About

What Goes in a README

Laying Out Your Library

Executables

Tests

Examples

API Documentation via RDoc

Basic Documentation Techniques and Guidelines

Controlling Output with RDoc Directives

The RubyGems Package Manager

Writing a Gem::Specification

Working with Dependencies

Rake: Ruby’s Built-in Build Utility

Conclusions

A. Writing Backward-Compatible Code

B. Leveraging Ruby’s Standard Library

C. Ruby Worst Practices

Index

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