语言测评 : 原理与课堂实践 : 第2版

丛书总序

中文导读

Preface

Text Credits

Chapter 1 Assessment Concepts and Issues

Assessment and Testing

Measurement and Evaluation

Assessment and Learning

Informal and Formal Assessment

Formative and Summative Assessment

Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Tests

Types and Purposes of Assessment

Achievement Tests

Diagnostic Tests

Placement Tests

Proficiency Tests

Aptitude Tests

Issues in Language Assessment： Then and Now

Behavioral Influences on Language Testing

Integrative Approaches

Communicative Language Testing

Performance-Based Assessment

Current "Hot Topics" in Classroom-Based Assessment

Multiple Intelligences

Traditional and Alternative Assessment

Computer-Based Testing

Other Current Issues

Exercises

For Your Further Reading

Chapter 2 Principles of Language Assessment

Practicality

Reliability

Student-Related Reliability

Rater Reliability

Test Administration Reliability

Test Reliability

Validity

Content-Related Evidence

Criterion Related Evidence

Construct-Related Evidence

ConsequentiaI Validity （Impact）

Face Validity

Authenticity

Washback

Applying Principles to the Evaluation of Classroom Tests

1. Are the test procedures practical?

2. Is the test itself reliable?

3. Can you ensure rater reliability?

4. Does the procedure demonstrate content validity?

5. Has the impact of the test been carefully accounted for?

6. Is the procedure "biased for best"?

7. Are the test tasks as authentic as possible?

8. Does the test offer beneficial washback to the learner?

Exercises

For Your Further Reading

Chapter 3 Designing Classroom Language Tests

Four Assessment Scenarios

Scenario 1： Reading Quiz

Scenario 2： Grammar Unit Test

Scenario 3： Midterm Essay

Scenario 4： Listening/Speaking Final Exam

Determining the Purpose of a Test

Designing Clear, Unambiguous Objectives

Drawing Up Test Specifications

Devising Test Items

Designing Multiple-Choice Items

1. Design each item to measure a single objective.

2. State both stem and options as simply and directly as possible.

3. Make certain that the intended answer is clearly the only correct one.

4. （Optional） Use item indices to accept, discard, or revise items.

Administering the Test

Scoring, Grading, and Giving Feedback

Scoring

……

Chapter 4 Standards-Based Assessment

Chapter 5 Standardized Testing

Chapter 6 Beyond Tests： Alternatives in Assessment

Chapter 7 Assessing Listening

Chapter 8 Assessing Speaking

Chapter 9 Assessing Reading

Chapter 10 Assessing Writing

Chapter 11 Assessing Grammar and Vocabulary

Chapter 12 Grading and Student Evaluation

Appendix： Commercial Tests

Glossary

Bibliography

Name Index

Subject Index

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