计算机科学概论

目　录

Chapter 0　Introduction　1

0.1　The Role of Algorithms　2

0.2　The History of Computing　4

0.3　The Science of Algorithms　10

0.4　Abstraction　11

0.5　An Outline of Our Study　12

0.6　Social Repercussions　13

Chapter 1　Data Storage　19

1.1　Bits and Their Storage　20

1.2　Main Memory　26

1.3　Mass Storage　29

1.4　Representing Information as Bit Patterns　35

*1.5　The Binary System　42

*1.6　Storing Integers　47

*1.7　Storing Fractions　53

*1.8　Data Compression　58

*1.9　Communication Errors　63

Chapter 2　Data Manipulation　73

2.1　Computer Architecture　74

2.2　Machine Language　77

2.3　Program Execution　83

*2.4　Arithmetic/Logic Instructions　90

*2.5　Communicating with Other Devices　94

*2.6　Other Architectures　100

Chapter 3　Operating Systems　109

3.1　The History of Operating Systems　110

3.2　Operating System Architecture　114

3.3　Coordinating the Machine’s Activities　122

*3.4　Handling Competition Among Processes　125

3.5　Security　130

Chapter 4　Networking and the Internet　139

4.1　Network Fundamentals　140

4.2　The Internet　149

4.3　The World Wide Web　158

*4.4　Internet Protocols　167

4.5　Security　173

Chapter 5　Algorithms　187

5.1　The Concept of an Algorithm　188

5.2　Algorithm Representation　191

5.3　Algorithm Discovery　198

5.4　Iterative Structures　204

5.5　Recursive Structures　214

5.6　Efficiency and Correctness　222

Chapter 6　Programming Languages　239

6.1　Historical Perspective　240

6.2　Traditional Programming Concepts　248

6.3　Procedural Units　260

6.4　Language Implementation　268

6.5　Object-Oriented Programming　276

*6.6　Programming Concurrent Activities　283

*6.7　Declarative Programming　286

Chapter 7　Software Engineering　299

7.1　The Software Engineering Discipline　300

7.2　The Software Life Cycle　302

7.3　Software Engineering Methodologies　306

7.4　Modularity　308

7.5　Tools of the Trade　316

7.6　Quality Assurance　324

7.7　Documentation　328

7.8　The Human-Machine Interface　329

7.9　Software Ownership and Liability　332

Chapter 8　Data Abstractions　341

8.1　Basic Data Structures　342

8.2　Related Concepts　345

8.3　Implementing Data Structures　348

8.4　A Short Case Study　362

8.5　Customized Data Types　367

*8.6　Classes and Objects　371

*8.7　Pointers in Machine Language　372

Chapter 9　Database Systems　383

9.1　Database Fundamentals　384

9.2　The Relational Model　389

*9.3　Object-Oriented Databases　400

*9.4　Maintaining Database Integrity　402

*9.5　Traditional File Structures　406

9.6　Data Mining　414

9.7　Social Impact of Database Technology　416

Chapter 10　Computer Graphics　425

10.1　The Scope of Computer Graphics　426

10.2　Overview of 3D Graphics　428

10.3　Modeling　430

10.4　Rendering　439

*10.5　Dealing with Global Lighting　449

10.6　Animation　452

Chapter 11　Artificial Intelligence　461

11.1　Intelligence and Machines　462

11.2　Perception　467

11.3　Reasoning　473

11.4　Additional Areas of Research　484

11.5　Artificial Neural Networks　489

11.6　Robotics　497

11.7　Considering the Consequences　500

Chapter 12　Theory of Computation　509

12.1　Functions and Their Computation　510

12.2　Turing Machines　512

12.3　Universal Programming Languages　516

12.4　A Noncomputable Function　522

12.5　Complexity of Problems　527

*12.6　Public-Key Cryptography　536

Appendixes　545

A　ASCII　547

B　Circuits to Manipulate Two's Complement Representations　548

C　A Simple Machine Language　551

D　High-Level Programming Languages　553

E　The Equivalence of Iterative and Recursive Structures　555

F　Answers to Questions & Exercises　557

Index　597

布鲁克希尔编著的《计算机科学概论（第11版）》是计算机科学概论课程的经典教材，全书对计算机科学做了百科全书式的精彩阐述，充分展现了计算机科学的历史背景、发展历程和新的技术趋势。本书首先介绍的是信息编码及计算机体系结构的基本原理（第1章和第2章），进而讲述操作系统（第3章）和组网及因特网（第4章），接着探讨了算法、程序设计语言及软件工程（第5章至第7章），然后讨论数据抽象和数据库（第8章和第9章）方面的问题，第10章通过图形学讲述计算机技术的一些主要应用，第11章涉及人工智能，第12章通过对计算理论的介绍来结束全书。本书在内容编排上由具体到抽象逐步推进，很适合教学安排，每一个主题自然而然地引导出下一个主题。此外，书中还包含大量的图、表和示例，有助于读者对知识的了解与把握。《计算机科学概论（第11版）》适合用作高等院校计算机以及相关专业本科生的教材。