MIPS体系结构透视

"Chapter1:RISCsandMIPS

1.1Pipelines

1.2TheMIPSFive-StagePipeline

1.3RISCandCISC

1.4GreatMIPSChipsofthePastandPresent

1.5MIPSComparedwithCISCArchitectures

Chapter2:MIPSArchitecture

2.1AFlavorofMIPSAssemblyLanguage

2.2Registers

2.3IntegerMultiplyUnitandRegisters

2.4LoadingandStoring:AddressingModes

2.5DataTypesinMemoryandRegisters

2.6SynthesizedInstructionsinAssemblyLanguage

2.7MIPSItoMIPS64ISAs:64-Bit(andOther)Extensions

2.8BasicAddressSpace

2.9PipelineVisibility

Chapter3:Coprocessor0:MIPSProcessorControl

3.1CPUControlInstructions

3.2WhatRegistersAreRelevantWhen?

3.3CPUControlRegistersandtheirencoding

3.4CP0Hazards?ATrapfortheUnwary

Chapter4:HowCachesworkonMIPS

4.1CachesandCacheManagement

4.2HowCachesWork

4.3Write-ThroughCachesinEarlyMIPSCPUs

4.4Write-BackCachesinMIPSCPUs

4.5OtherChoicesinCacheDesign

4.6ManagingCaches

4.7L2andL3caches

4.8CacheConfigurationsforMIPSCPUs

4.9ProgrammingMIPS32/64Caches

4.10CacheEfficiency

4.11ReorganizingSoftwaretoInfluenceCacheEfficiency

4.12CacheAliases

Chapter5:Exceptions,Interrupts,andInitialization

5.1PreciseExceptions

5.2WhenExceptionsHappen

5.3ExceptionVectors:WhereExceptionHandlingStarts

5.4ExceptionHandling:Basics

5.5ReturningfromanException

5.6NestingExceptions

5.7AnExceptionRoutine

5.8Interrupts

5.9StartingUp

5.10EmulatingInstructions

Chapter6:Low-levelMemoryManagementandtheTLB

6.1TheTLB/MMUhardwareandwhatitdoes

6.2TLB/MMURegistersDescribed

6.3TLB/MMUControlInstructions

6.4ProgrammingtheTLB6.5Hardware-friendlypagetablesandrefillmechanism

6.6EverydayUseoftheMIPSTLB

6.7MemoryManagementinasimplerOS

Chapter7:Floating-PointSupport

7.1ABasicDescriptionofFloatingPoint

7.2TheIEEE754StandardandItsBackground

7.3HowIEEEFloating-PointNumbersAreStored

7.4MIPSImplementationofIEEE754

7.5Floating-PointRegisters

7.6Floating-PointExceptions/Interrupts

7.7Floating-PointControl:TheControl/StatusRegister

7.8Floating-PointImplementationRegister

7.9GuidetoFPInstructions

7.10Paired-singlefloating-pointinstructionsandMIPS3D.

7.11InstructionTimingRequirements

7.12InstructionTimingforSpeed

7.13InitializationandEnablingonDemand

7.14Floating-PointEmulation

Chapter8:CompleteGuidetotheMIPSInstructionSet

8.1ASimpleExample

8.2AssemblerInstructionsandWhatTheyMean

8.3Floating-PointInstructions

8.4DifferencesinMIPS32/64Release1

8.5PeculiarInstructionsandTheirPurposes

8.6InstructionEncodings

8.7InstructionsbyFunctionalGroup

Chapter9:ReadingMIPSAssemblerLanguage

9.1ASimpleExample

9.2SyntaxOverview

9.3GeneralRulesforInstructions

9.4AddressingModes

9.5Objectfileandmemorylayout

Chapter10:PortingSoftwaretoMIPS

10.1Low-levelsoftwareforMIPS:AChecklistofFrequentlyEncounteredProblems

10.2Endianness:Words,Bytes,andBitOrder

10.3TroubleWithVisibleCaches

10.4Memoryaccessorderingandre-ordering

10.5WritingitinC

Chapter11:MIPSSoftwareStandards(?ABI?s)

11.1DataRepresentationsandAlignment

11.2ArgumentPassingandStackConventionsforMIPS?ABIs?

Chapter12:DebuggingMIPS-debugandprofilingfeatures

12.1The?EJTAG?onchipdebugunit

12.2Pre-EJTAGdebugsupport?breakinstructionandCP0Watchpoints

12.3PDTrace

12.4Performancecounters

Chapter13:GNU/LinuxfromEightMilesHigh

13.1Components

13.2Layeringinthekernel

Chapter14:Howhardwareandsoftwareworktogether14.1Thelifeandtimesofaninterrupt

14.2Threads,criticalregionsandatomicity

14.3Whathappensonasystemcall384

14.4HowaddressesgettranslatedinLinux/MIPS

Chapter15:MIPS-specificissuesintheLinuxkernel

15.1ExplicitCacheManagement

15.2CP0Pipelinehazards

15.3Multiprocessorsystemsandcoherentcaches

15.4DemontweaksforaCriticalRoutine

Chapter16LinuxApplicationCode,PICandLibraries

16.1Howlinkunitsgetintoaprogram

16.2GlobalOffsetTable(?GOT?)organization

AppendixA:MIPSMultithreading

A.1WhatisMT

A.2WhyisMTuseful?

A.3HowtodoMTforaRISCarchitecture

A.4MTinaction

AppendixB:OtherOptionalextensionstotheMIPSinstructionset

B.1MIPS16andMIPS16e

B.2TheMIPSDSPASE440

B.3MDMX

MIPSGlossary

"

　　大多数“体系结构概览”类的书籍最终都是对体系结构的汇编语言语焉不详，只是给出令人厌烦的概述。然而，本书却是一个典型的反例，它为所有这类书的作者树立了一个榜样。作者不但提供了体系结构参考所必需的细节，还以对关键体系结构特点（及其原理）富有洞察力的视角表达出这些细节。无论是对通用的计算机体系结构来说，还是对于MIPS来说，本书都是非常有用的书籍。它阐述了渗入到体系结构发展中的技术、经济、历史等因素。第2版的一个重要增加是涉及操作系统、移植以及ABI等问题，这使得本书对软件开发者来说也是一本优秀的参考书。任何从事MIPS体系结构相关工作的人都应该乐于拥有这本书。　　第2版不仅对第1版进行了彻底的更新，而且还将应用广泛的RISC系统结构MIPS与开源操作系统Linux结合在了一起。本书的第一部分从MIPS设计原理开始，进而阐述了MIPS指令集和程序员资源。书中还以MIPS32/MIPS64标准为基准，对其他体系结构进行了比较。与第1版相比，第2版的显著变化是封面图片――小企鹅坐在驾驶员的位置上，本书以此作为研究来自Linux内核的真正的低层操作系统的实例，并且展示Linux(包括单处理器和SMP)如何构建于MIPS体系结构所提供的基础之上。本书从操作系统的底层(中断、内存调度)开始，进而描述更高级的Linux/MIPS应用代码如何载入到内存、连接到库并运行。●清晰地阐述了Linux如何在硬件上运行。●提供了完整的、更新的和简单易用的MIPS指令集指南。●本版保留了第1版可读性好的写作风格，凝聚了作者在基于MIPS体系结构的系统设计方面20多年的经验。作者简介：　　是一名有经验的硬件系统、CPU、网络和操作系统设计者和开发者，他的丰富经验来自于低层编码、操作系统开发、局域网、分布式系统。他是WhitechapelWorkstations的创立者之一，并在1988年创建了一家MIPS咨询公司――Algorithmics。