社会研究方法

Preface xi

PART ONE

Foundations

CHAPTER 1

Science and Research 1

Alternatives to Social Research 2

How Science Works 6

Quantitative and Qualitative

Social Research 13

Steps in the Research Process 14

Why Conduct Social Research? 20

Conclusion 20

CHAPTER 2

Dimensions of Research 23

Dimensions of Research 23

Conclusion 47

CHAPTER 3

Theory and Research 49

What Is Theory? 50

Social Theory versus Ideology 50

The Parts of Social Theory 52

Aspects of Theory 58

The Dynamic Duo 76

Conclusion 77

CHAPTER 4

The Meanings of Methodology 79

The Three Approaches 80

Positivist Social Science 81

Interpretive Social Science 87

Critical Social Science 94

Feminist and Postmodem Research 102

Conclusion 104

CHAPTER 5

The Literature Review and Ethical

Concems 110

The Literature Review 110

Ethics in Social Research 129

Conclusion 146

PART TWO

Planning and Prepration

CHAPTER 6

Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Designs 149

Triangulation 149

Qualitative and Quantitative Orientations

toward Research 151

Qualitative Design Issues 157

Quantitative Design Issues 160

Conclusion 174

CHAPTER 7

Qualitative and Quantitative

Measurement 179

Why Measure? 180

Quantitative and Qualitative

Measurement 181

Parts of the Measurement Process l 81

Reliability and Validity 188

A Guide to Quantitative Measurement 198

Index Construction 202

Scales 206

Conclusion 216

Qualitative and Quantitative

Sampling 219

Nonprobability Sampling 220

Probability Sampling 224

Conclusion 244

Quantitative Data Collection and Analysis

Experimental Research 246

Research Questions Appropriate for an

Experiment 247

A Short History of the Experiment in Socia

Research 248

Random Assignment 249

Experimental Design Logic 252

Internal and External Validity 259

Practical Considerations 267

Results of Experimental Research：Making Comparisons 267

A Word on Ethics 269

Conclusion 269

Survey Research 272

Research Questions Appropriate

lor a Survey 273

A History of Survey Research 273

The Logic of Survey Research 276

Constructing the Questionnaire 277

Types of Surveys： Advantages and

Disadvantages 299

Interviewing 304

The Ethical Survey 313

Conclusion 314

Nonreactive Research and Secondary

Analysis 320

Nonreactive Measurement 320

Content Analysis 322

Existing Statistics/Documents and Secondary

Analysis 331

Issues of Inference and Theory Testing 339

Conclusion 340

Analysis of Quantitative Data 343

Dealing with Data 344

Results with One Variable 346

Results with Two Variables 353

More than Two Variables 362

Inferential Statistics 370

Conclusion 374

PART FOUR

Qualitative Co!lemon and Analysis

CHAPTER 13

Field Research 378

Research Questions Appropriate for

Field Research 379

A Short History of Field Research 379

The Logic of Field Research 383

Choosing a Site and Gaining Access 385

Relations in the Field 392

Observing and Collecting Data 396

The Field Research Interview 406

Leaving the Field 411

Ethical Dilemmas of Field Research 412

Conclusion 414

CHAPTER 14

Historical-Comparative Research 418

A Short History of Historical-Comparative

Research 419

Research Questions Appropriate for Historical-

Comparative Research 419

The Logic of Historical-Comparative

Research 420

Steps in a Historical-Comparative Research

Project 428

Data and Evidence in Historical

Context 430

Comparative Research 437

Equivalence in Historical-Comparative

Research 449

Ethics 452

Conclusion 453

CHAPTER 15

Analysis of Qualitative Data 457

Comparing Methods of Data

Analysis 458

Coding and Concept Formation 459

Analytic Strategies for Qualitative

Data 466

Other Techniques 480

Conclusion 488

PART FIVE

Communicating With Othets

CHAPTER 16

Writing the Research Report and the

Politics of Social Research 490

The Research Report 491

The Politics of Social Research 504

Objectivity and Value Freedom， 516

Conclusion 518

Appendixes

APPENDIX A

American Sociological Association Code

of Ethics 521

APPENDIX B

Table of Randomly Selected Five-Digit

Numbers 535

APPENDIX C

Sample of Data Archives and Resources

for Secondary Analysis 537

Bibliography 548

Name Index 552

Subject Index 554

APPENDIX D

Measurement Theory and Specialized

Techniques for Index and Scale

Construction 539

APPENDIX E

Evaluation Research 543

Bibliography 548

Name Index 552

Subject Index 554

威廉·劳伦斯·纽曼的《社会研究方法》(Social Research Methods)是一部概述社会科学研究方法的经典之作。近20年来，在美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新加坡、中国台湾、中国香港等国家和地区的高校内被广泛选作教材，《社会研究方法：定性研究与定量研究(第6版)(英文版)》是其最新修订的第6版的英文版。该书对定性研究和定量研究进行了全面而均衡的论述，强调了将各种方法综合运用的益处。书中收录了大量真实社会研究案例，从而帮助学生和读者形象地理解和掌握概念和方法。
全书分5编共16章，分别介绍了理论与方法的关系，方法论的含义，文献检索与学术伦理，定量与定性研究的设计、测量与取样，实验研究，调查研究，非反应式研究、田野研究、历史比较研究，以及如何撰写研究报告等。
《社会研究方法：定性研究与定量研究(第6版)(英文版)》可作为我国高等院校经济学、管理学、心理学、政治学、法学、社会学、教育学以及传播学等社会科学专业本科研究方法双语教学课适用教材，也可供专业研究人员参考。