国际物流 : 国际贸易中的运作管理 : 第4版

Contents

Preface ..L

1 International Trade 1

1.1 International Trade Growth 4

1.2 International Trade Mile-stones ............. 4

1.3 Largest Exporting and Importing Countries ...... 7

1.4 International Trade Drivers 12

1.5 International Trade Theories 15

1.6 The International Business Environment ......... 23

2 International Supply Chain Man-agement 27

2.1 Historical Development . . . 27

2.2 Logistics and Supply Chain Management ......... 36

2.3 Elements of International Logistics ............ 41

2.4 The Economic Importance ofLogistics .......... 42

2.5 International Reverse Logistics ............. 44

3 International Infrastructure 51

3.1 Definitions........... 51

3.2 Transportation Infrastructure ............... 52

3.3 Communication Infrastructure ............... 77

3.4 Utilities Infrastructure . . . 80

3.5 Services Infrastructure . . . 83

3.6 Legal and Regulatory Infrastructure.......... 84

4 International Methods of Entry 91

4.1 Entry Strategy Factors .... 91

4.2 Indirect Exporting ..... 92

4.3 ActiveExporting ....... 96

4.4 Production Abroad ..... 103

4.5 Parallel Imports ....... 111

4.6 Counterfeit Goods ...... 113

4.7 Other Issues in Methods of Entry .............. 113

5 International Contracts 119

5.1 Lex Mercatoria ........ 120

5.2 International Sales ContractsandtheCISG ..... 121

5.3 Agency versus Distributor-shipLegalIssues ....... 124

5.4 Elements ofan Agency or Distributor Contract ..... 126

5.5 Termination ......... 134

5.6 Arbitration .......... 136

5.7 Mediation ........... 137

6 Terms of Trade or Incoterms.Rules 141

6.1 International CommerceTerms.............. 142

6.2 Understanding Incoterms Rules .............. 142

6.3 Incoterms Rule Strategy . . 143

6.4 Ex-Works(EXW)........ 146

6.5 Free Carrier (FCA) ...... 148

6.6 CarriagePaidTo(CPT) ... 150

6.7 Carriage and Insurance PaidTo(CIP) ......... 151

6.8 Delivered At Terminal (DAT) 152

6.9 Delivered At Place (DAP) . . 154

6.10 Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) . 155

6.11 Free Alongside Ship (FAS) . 156

6.12 Free on Board (FOB) ..... 158

6.13 Cost and Freight (CFR) . . . 161

6.14 Cost, Insurance, and Freight(CIF) .......... 162

6.15 Summary of Incoterms. Re-sponsibilities ......... 163

6.16 Common Errors in Incoterms. Rules Usage ..... 165

6.17 Incoterms Rules as a MarketingTool .......... 167

7 Terms of Payment 171

7.1 International Payment Characteristics ........ 172

7.2 Alternative Terms of Payment174

7.3 Risks in International Trade 175

7.4 CashinAdvance ....... 178

7.5 OpenAccount......... 178

7.6 LetterofCredit ....... 180

7.7 Additional Types of Letters of Credit ............ 190

7.8 Documentary Collection . . 192

7.9 Forfaiting ........... 196

7.10 Purchasing Cards ...... 197

7.11 TradeCard ........... 198

7.12 Bank Guarantees ...... 199

7.13 Terms of Payment as a Mar-ketingTool .......... 200

8 Managing Transaction Risks 205

8.1 Currency Used in the Sales Contract ............ 206

8.2 The System of Currency ExchangeRates ......... 210

8.3 Theories of Exchange Rate Determinations ........ 220

8.4 Exchange Rate Forecasting . 224

8.5 Managing Transaction Exposure ............. 227

8.6 International Banking Institutions ............. 231

8.7 Currency of Payment as a Marketing Tool ........ 233

9 International Commercial Documents 237

9.1 Documentation Requirements.............. 237

9.2 Invoices ............ 238

9.3 Export Documents ...... 242

9.4 ImportDocuments...... 250

9.5 Transportation Documents 261

9.6 ElectronicDataInterchange 270

9.7 Document Preparation as a MarketingTool ........ 272

11 International Ocean Transportation 277

11.1TypesofService ....... 278

11.2SizeofVessels ........ 278

11.3TypesofVessels ....... 284

11.4Flag ............... 298

11.5 Liability Conventions .... 301

11.6 Non-Vessel-Operating CommonCarriers ......... 303

11.7 Security Requirements . . . 305

12 International Air Transportation309

12.1 Cargo Airlines, Airports, and Markets .......... 310

12.2TypesofService ....... 312

12.3 Types of Aircraft ....... 316

12.4AirfreightTariffs ....... 327

12.5 International Regulations . 328

12.6 Environmental Issues and Sustainability ......... 328

12.7 International Air Cargo Security.............. 329

13 International Land and Multimodal Transportation 337

13.1 Truck Transportation .... 338

13.2 Rail Transportation ..... 341

13.3 Intermodal Transportation . 347

13.4 Freight Forwarders ..... 359

13.5 Project Cargo ......... 359

13.6 Alternative Means of Transportation............ 360

13.7 Ground Transportation Security.............. 362

14 Packaging for Export 367

14.1 Packaging Functions ..... 368

14.2 Packaging Objectives .... 369

14.3 OceanCargo ......... 370

14.4 AirTransport ......... 385

14.5 Road and Rail Transport . . 387

14.6Security ............ 389

14.7 Hazardous Cargo ....... 391

14.8 Refrigerated Goods ..... 392

14.9 Domestic Retail Packaging Issues.............. 393

14.10 Packaging as a Marketing Tool ............... 395

15 International Logistics Security 399

15.1 The Impact of a Significant

Disruption in International Logistics ............ 401

15.2 International Organizations 402

15.3 The United States’ Approach 406

15.4 The European Union’s Programs.............. 414

15.5 Other Countries’ Approach 415

15.6 Corporate Efforts ....... 415

16 Customs Clearance 421

16.1Duty .............. 421

16.2 Non-Tariff Barriers ...... 435

16.3 Customs Clearing Process

. 440

16.4 Foreign Trade Zones ..... 446

17 Developing a

Competitive Advantage 453

17.1 Communication Challenges 454

17.2 International English .... 455

17.3SpecialEnglish ........ 457

17.4MetricSystem......... 458

17.5 Cultural Sensitivity ..... 461

17.6SpecificAdvice........462

本教材是美国Pierre A.David教授20余年从事“国际物流”教学的结晶，配合大量的图表和实例，对国际物流中各个要素（国际合同、国际贸易条款、国际运输等）进行了详尽的描述，已被美国多数商学院选为“国际物流”课程的教材。本教材适合作为高等院校物流专业研究生或高年级本科生的国际物流教材，也可作为企业国际物流、国际贸易的培训教材。