主语关系从句优先加工的非普遍性

Chapter One : Introduction

1.1 Motivation of the study

1.1.1 The importance of studying relative clauses

1.1.2 Universal processing preference and Current gaps

1.2 Aims and research questions of the study

1.3 Structure of the book

Chapter Two: Typology of relative clauses

2.1 Types of relative clauses

2.1.1 External-headed RCs vs.Internal-headed RCs vs.CorrelativeRCs

2.1.2 Postnominal/head-initial RCs vs.Prenominal/head- final RCs

2.1.3 Subject-extracted RCs vs.Object-extracted RCs

2.1.4 Subject-modifying RCs vs.Object-modifying RCs

2.2 Word order type and RC type

2.3 Typological characteristics of English relative clauses

2.3.1 Restrictive vs.nonrestrictive clauses in English

2.3.2 Derivation of English RCs

2.4 Typological characteristics of Chinese relative clauses

2.4.1 Typological characteristics of Chinese

2.4.2 The Uniqueness of Chinese RCs

Chapter Three: Sentence Processing Models

3.1 Universal subject preference

3.1.1 Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy

3.1.2 Experience/Frequency-based accounts

3.2 Working memory accounts (Gibson, 1998; 2000)

3.2.1 Storage Resources

3.2.2 Integration Cost

3.2.3 A brief comment: a bridge connecting structural theories and processing theories

3.3 Structure-based theories

3.3.1 Filler-Gap Domain ( FGD) ( Hawkins, 1999 ; 2004 ) 3.3.2 Phrase-Structural Distance Hypothesis (O'Grady, 1997 )

3.4 Word order theory

3.4.1 Canonical word order vs.non-canonical word order

3.4.2 Prediction about the English RC processing

3.4.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing

3.5 Pragmatic functional perspective shift

3.5.1 Subject as a default perspective of readers

3.5.2 Prediction about English RC processing {

3.5.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing

3.6 An evaluation of predictions about English and Chines RC processing

Chapter Four: Previous studies and findings

4.1 Processing relative clauses

4.1.1 Basic observations

4.1.2 Neurophysiological evidence

4.1.3 Neuroanatomical evidence

4.2 Consistent results of universality from English RC processing

4.2.1 General remarks

4.2.2 Eye-movement monitor

4.2.3 Self-paced reading

4.2.4 Event-related potential studies

4.2.5 Brain imaging studies using fMRI and PET

4.2.6 Lesion studies: Aphasia

4.3 Mixed results from Chinese RC processing

4.3.1 Self-paced reading

4.3.2 A maze task-mixed results

……

Chapter Five: An ERP experiment on Chinese RC Processing

Chapter Six: Concluding remarks

References

Appendix: Experimental Materials

后记

柯南和科姆里（1977）提出的“名词短语可及性层次”理论认为，主语关系从句优先加工在各种语言中存在共性。这个假说得到来自顺行结构类型和逆行结构类型的一些语言的实证支持。现代汉语兼有SVO（顺行结构）和AN（逆行结构），其类型学的独一无二特征对检验这一“共性假说”具有举足轻重的意义。《语言新专题研究系列：主语关系从句优先加工的非普遍性》以汉语的宾语关系从句（3种）和主语关系从句（3种）为实验材料，用ERP手段测量加工时的脑电反应。结果显示，汉语的宾语关系从句具有优先加工性，而主语关系从句不具有，因此“主语关系从句优先加工的共性假说”得不到汉语的支持。这类研究对建立不同结构类型的语言加工理论具有重要价值。