一般外科的常见问题

Contents

Perioperative Treatment

Chapter 1 Surgery Overview, Anesthesia and Asepsis Technique

Surgery Overview

Knowledge about Anesthesia

Aseptic Technique

Chapter 2 Basic Surgical Procedure

Basic Techniques

Operative Techniques

Surgical Anatomy “Pearls”

Operative Knowledge and Techniques

Chapter 3 Electrolyte Disturbance and AcidBase Imbalance

Fluid Metabolism Imbalance

AcidBase Imbalance

Blood Gas Analysis

Chapter 4 Blood Transfusion

The Indications of Blood Transfusion and Estimates

The Complications of Blood Transfusion

Basic Knowledge of Blood Transfusion

Chapter 5 Preoperative and Postoperative Management

Preoperative Preparation and Treatment

Fluid Compartments and Clinical Significance

Postoperative Electrolyte Disturbance

How to Count for Nutrition Treatment

Postoperative Treatment for Anesthesia and Surgery

Preoperative Examinations

Chapter 6 Surgical Infection

Outline

Mechanism of Action and Side Effects of Antibiotics

Appropriate Use of Antibiotics

Gas Gangrene

Urinary Tract Infection

CatheterAssociated Infection

Wound Infection

Pseudomembranous Colitis

Tetanus and Necrotizing Fasciitis

Abscess

Suppurative Hidradenitis

Furuncle and Carbuncle

Prevention of Infection

Chapter 7 Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Shock and Classification

MODS and Organ Failure

Chapter 8 Preoperative Medication in General Surgery

Antibiotics Treatment for Perioperative Treatment

Other Medication

Chapter 9 Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Complications Fever

Wound Infection and Dehiscence

Pulmonary Complications

DVT

Postoperative Jaundice

Complications Followed Gastrectomy

Pancreatitis

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Cerebrovascular Accidents

Wound Infection and Dehiscence

Renal Failure

DIC

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Addisonian Crisis

Urinary Retention

Pseudomembranous Colitis

Others

Chapter 10 Intravenous Prescription and Surgical Nutrition

Fluid Therapy

How to Prescribe IV Injection

Nutritional Status and Deficiency

Total Parenteral Nutrition

Overload Injection and Hypovolaemia

Enteral Nutrition

GeneralRelevant Diseases

Chapter 11 Trauma and Abdominal Injury

Diagnosis and Treatment

Head and Neck Injury

Lung and Heart Injury

Abdominal Trauma

Vascular Injury

Miscellaneous Trauma Facts

Chapter 12 Burns and Environmental Damage

Definition and Physiology of Burn

Classification

Complications of Burns

Treatment

Burns due to Other Causes

Environmental Damage Altitude Sickness

Decompression Sickness

Sunstroke

Frostbite

Electrical Injuries

Dog Bites

Snake Bite

Bee Sting

Cat Bite

Chapter 13 Tumors and Surgical Oncology

General Outline

Diagnosis and Tumor marker

Treatment Methods

Cancer Prevention

Oncological Emergencies

Soft tissue Sarcoma

Lymphoma

Skin Lesions

Melanoma

Skin Tumorlike Lesions

Skin Graft

Desmoid Tumor

Cancer Metastasis

TumorAssociated Syndrome

Pleural Effusion

Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules

Children Cancers

Chapter 14 Transplantation

Outline

Kidney Transplant

Liver Transplantation

Pancreas Transplantation

Intestinal Transplantation

Complications after Organ Transplantation

Neck Diseases

Chapter 15 Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease

Anatomy and Physiology

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis

Goiter and Thyroiditis

Hyperthyroidism and Thyroid Crisis

Hypothyroidism

Thyroid Cancer

Parathyroid Disease

Surgery

Chapter 16 Differential Diagnosis of Neck Mass

Differential Diagnosis

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

Cystic Hygroma

Branchiogenic Anomalies

Breast Diseases

Chapter 17 Breast Disease

Regional Anatomy

Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer

Clinical Presentation of Breast Cancer

Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Surgery for Breast Cancer

Postoperative Complications

Hormonal Therapy

Special Types of Breast Cancer

Screening

Male Breast Cancer

Fibroadenoma and Phyllodes Tumor

Male Breast Disease

Other Breast Diseases

Differential Diagnosis of Breast Mass and Nipple Discharge

Acute Abdomen and Peritonitis

Chapter 18 Acute Abdomen and Peritonitis

Acute Abdomen

Peritonitis

Abdominal Paracentesis

Pneumoperitoneum

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Meconium Peritonitis

Gastrointestinal Diseases

Chapter 19 Gastroduodenal Diseases

Anatomy and Physiology

Peptic Ulcer

Benign Tumor and GIST

Diseases of Stomach

Gastric Cancer

Postoperative Complications

Duodenal Ulcers

Gastric Lymphoma

Duodenal Stricture

Obesity Surgery

Chapter 20 Intestinal Obstruction

General Outline

Small Bowel Obstruction

PseudoObstruction and Ogilvie Syndrome

Large Bowel Obstruction

Meconium

Other GI Obstructions

Surgical Radiology

Chapter 21 Small Intestine Diseases

Applied Anatomy

Wilkie's Syndrome

Meckel's Diverticulum

Acute Necrotizing Enteritis

Small Bowel Tumor

Short Bowel Syndrome

Intestinal Tuberculosis

Intestinal Intussusception, Ameba and GI Tract Duplication

Mesenteric Vascular Disease

Special Postoperative Sequence of Small Resection

Chapter 22 Disease of Appendix

Appendicitis

Appendiceal Tumor

Chapter 23 Colon Disease

Regional Anatomy

Colon Cancer

Hirschsprung's Disease and Megacolon

Intestinal Malrotation

Bowel Volvulus

Colorectal Polyps and Adenoma

Gardner's Syndrome

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Other Colonic Diseases

Intussusception

Intestinal Fistula

Ostomy and Fistula

Chapter 24 Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Crohn's Disease

Ulcerative Colitis

Chapter 25 Rectal Disease

Regional Anatomy

Incidence, Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Rectal Disease

Surgery for Rectal Cancer

Chapter 26 Anal Disease

Hemorrhoids

Anorectal Fistula and Abscess

Anal Fissure

Anal Canal Tumor

Fecal Continence

Rectal Proplapse

Liver, Bile Duct and Pancreas Diseases

Chapter 27 Liver Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension

Portal Hypertension

Hepatic Encephalopathy

BuddChiari Syndrome

Chapter 28 Liver Diseases

Anatomy

Classification of Liver Function

Liver Tumor

Benign Liver Tumor

Liver Abscess

Liver Cyst

Chapter 29 Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disease

Basic Knowledge

Gallbladder Diseases

Common Bile Duct

Cholangiocarcinoma

Jaundice

Surgical Procedure

Choledochal Cyst

Chapter 30 Pancreatic Diseases

Anatomy and Physiology

Pancreatitis

Pancreatic Abscess and Cyst

Pancreatic and PeriAmpullary Carcinoma

Other Pancreatic Neoplasm

Surgical Procedures

Other Pancreatic Disease

Chapter 31 Spleen Diseases

Regional Anatomy and Function

Hypersplenism and Hyposplenism

Splenic Injury

Splenic Tumors

Splenic Abscess

Other Splenic Diseases

Surgical Indications and Complications for Splenectomy

Others

Chapter 32 Upper and Lower GI Bleeding

Upper GI Bleeding

Lower GI Bleeding

Chapter 33 Disease of Abdominal Wall, Omentum and Retroperitoneum

Mesenteric Ischemia

VitelloIntestinal Duct Diseases

Rretroperitoneal Fibrosis

Mesenteric Cyst

Vesicourachal Diseases

Others

Chapter 34 Hernia

Groin Hernias

Inguinal Hernia Repair

Femoral Hernia

Miscellaneous Hernias

Chapter 35 Vascular Disease

Arterial Disease

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Chapter 36 Laboratory Values and Their Clinical Significance

Routine Examination Values and Their Values

Common Lab Examinations and their Clinical Significance

Chapter 37 Emergent Management of Acute Poisoning

Overview

Pesticide Poisoning

Rodenticide Poisoning

Paraquat Poisoning

Organophosphate Poisoning

Food Poisoning

Mushroom Poisoning

Nitrite Poisoning

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Balloon Fish Poisoning

Acknowledgements

Reference

Preface

Surgery is an important section of medicine. Generally, the treatment of surgery is taken operation and surgical manipulation as main measures, whereas, internal medicine usually apply drug as main measure. However, not all surgical diseases are needed surgical treatment, purulent infection: for example, it is treated with antibiotic at its early stage and treated surgically only when the abscess formed.
Frequently asked questions (FAQS) of General Surgery is the collection of authors lectures for international students who studied western medicine in China. The goal of this book is to provide concise information that every fifthyear surgical student should know in an “easy way”, and also it provide short conversation for the teachers.
The format of FAQS of General Surgery is conductive to the recall of basic surgical facts because it relies on repetition and positive feedback. As one repeats the questionandanswer format, one gain success.
The book includes completely updated information, top 100 clinical surgical microvignettes. We have combated the textbooks and have come up with the facts you need to know.
An internship that makes medical student future bright.

Professor Han Shaoliang
March 29,2014