弦论和M理论导论

mathematical properties 　9.3 examples of calabi-yau manifolds 　9.4 calabi-yau compactifications of the heterotic string 　9.5 deformations of calabi-yau manifolds 　9.6 special geometry 　9.7 type iia and type iib on calabi-yau three-folds 　9.8 nonperturbative effects in calabi-yau compactifications 　9.9 mirror symmetry 　9.10 heterotic string theory on calabi-yau three-folds 　9.11 k3 compactifications and more string dualities 　9.12 manifolds with g2 and spin(7) holonomy 10 flux compactifications 　10.1 flux compactifications and calabi-yau four-folds 　10.2 flux compactifications of the type iib theory 　10.3 moduli stabilization 　10.4 fluxes, torsion and heterotic strings 　10.5 the strongly coupled heterotic string 　10.6 the landscape 　10.7 fluxes and cosmology 11 black holes in string theory 　11.1 black holes in general relativity 　11.2 black-hole thermodynamics 　11.3 black holes in string theory 　11.4 statistical derivation of the entropy 　11.5 the attractor mechanism 　11.6 small bps black holes in four dimensions 12 gauge theory/string theory dualities 　12.1 black-brane solutions in string theory and m-theory 　12.2 matrix theory 　12.3 the ads/cft correspondence 　12.4 gauge/string duality for the conifold and generalizations 　12.5 plane-wave space-times and their duals 　12.6 geometric transitions bibliographic discussion bibliography index

　　String theory is one of the most exciting and challenging areas of modern theoretical physics. It was developed in the late 1960s for the purpose of de-scribing the strong nuclear force. Problems were encountered that prevented this program from attaining complete success. In particular, it was realized that the dpectrum of a fundamental string contains an undesired massless spin-two particle. Quantum chromodynamics eventually proved to be the correct theory for describing the strong force and the properties of hadrons,New doors opened for string theory when in 1974 it was proposed to identify the massless spin-two particle in the string's spectrum with the graviton, the quantum of gravitation. String theory became then the most promising can-didate for a quantum theory of gravity unified with the other forces and has developed into one of the most fascinating the6ries of high-energy physics.