语言学

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Language!Its Nature and Definitions

1.1.1 The Traditional View of Language

1.1.2 The Intemalist View of Human Language

1.1.3 The Designing Features of Human Language

1.1.3.1 Creativity

1.1.3.2 Discrete Infinity.Recursiveness and Merging Operation

1.1.4 The Common Femurs Shared by All Human Languages

1.2 Linguistics

1.2.1 Linguistics as a science

1.2.2 Chomsky’S Five Problems for Language Study

1.2.3 The Study Scope of Linguistic Ontology

1.2.3.1 Competence us Performance

1.2.3.2 The Study Scope ofGeneral Linguistics

1.3 How to Study l inguistics

1.4 Summary

EXERCISES

Chapter 2 Phonetics

2.1 The Mechanism of Articulation

2.1.1 Speech Organs

2.1.2 The Phonetic Alphabet

2.2 Classification of Speech Sounds

2.2.1 Consonants

2.2.1.1 Places ofArticu／ation

2.2.1.2 Manner ofArticu／ation

2.2.2 The Atticulation of Vowel Sounds

2.3 Phonetic Symbols and Spelling Correspondences

2.4 Summary

EXERCISES

Chapter 3 Phonology：The Sound Patterns of Language

3.1 Phonetics and Phonology：Narrow and Broad Transcription

3.1.1 Phonetics or Phonology

3.1.2 NalTOW and Broad Tmnseription

3.2 Some PreIiminary Terminologies in Phonological Analysis

3.2.1 Phonemcs.Phones and Allophones

3.2.2 Minimal Paits.Phonemic Contrast and Complementary Distribution

3.3 Distinctive Features of Phonemes

3.4 The Rules of Phonology

3.4.1 Assimilation Rules

3.4.2 Segment Insertion and Deletion Rules

3.4.3 Sequential Rules

3.5 Syllable Structure and Suprasegmental Femurs

3.5.1 Syllable Structure

3.5.2 Stress

3.6 Summary

EXERCISES

Chapter 4 Morphology

4.1 Morpheme and Morphology

4.1.1 The Classification of Morphemes

4.1.2 Inflectional and Derlvational Affix

4.1.3 Root.Stem and Base.

4.1.4 Allomorphs

4.2 Words

4.2.1 The Definition and Identification of Words

4.2.2 Word.foimation

4.2.2.1 Derivation

4.2.2.2 compounding

4.2.2.3 Borrowing

4.2.2.4 Coinage

4.2.2.5 Conversion

4 2.2.6 Back-formation

4.2.2.7 Blends

4.2.2.8 Redaced Words

4.3 Lexicon

4.4 Summary

EXERCISES

Chapter 5 Syntax

5.1 The Study Scope of Syntax

5.2 Basic Terminology

5.2.1 Categories and Functions

5.2.1.1 Grammatical（or Syntactic）Categories

5.2.1.2 Grammatical（or Syntactic）Functions

5.2.2 Finiteness VS.Non.finiteness

5.3 Sentence Structure

5.3.1 Phrase Structure Rules and Trees

5.3.2 X.bar Theory

5.3.3 Merger

5.4 Movement

5.4.1}Iead movement

5.4 2 Wh—movement

5.5 Structural Ambiguity

5.6 Summary

EXERClSES

Chapter 6 Semantics

6.1 LexicaI SemanticsWord Meanings

6.1.1 Reference and Sense

6.1.2 Sense Relations

6.1.2.1 Synonymy and Synonyms

6.1.2.2 Antonymy and Antonyms

6.1.2.3 Hyponymy：Superordinate orHyponyms

6.1.2.4 Meronymy and Meronyms

6.1.2.5 ttomonymy and Homonvms

6.1.2.6 Polysemy

6.1.3 Semantic Features or Componential Analysis

6.2 Sentence Meaning

6.2.1 Sentence RelationsTruth.conditional Semantics

6.2.2 Sentence Analysis

6.2.2.1 Componential Anaflysis for Sentences

6.2.2.2 Predication Analvsis

6.2.2.2.1 Argument Structure

6.2.2.2.2 Thematic Roles

6.3 Summary

EXERC：ISES

Chapter 7 Pragmatics

7.1 Some Basic Questions in Pragmatic Study

7.1.1 What Is Pragmatics

7.1 2 Whv Do We Call Pragmatics a Wastebasket

7.1.3 Why Should We Study Pragmatics

7.1.4 What’s the Difference Among Syntax，Semantics and Pragmatics

7.1 5 Meaning：Sentence Meaning or Utterance Meaning

7 1.6 Meaning and Context’

7.2 The Coversational Principles and Implicature

7.2.1 The Cooperative Princiole

7.2 2 Conversational Implicature

7 2.3 Politeness Principle

7 3 Speech Act Theory

7.3.1 One URerance，Three Related Acts

7.3.2 Speech Act Classification

7.3.3 Direct and Indirect Speech Acts

7.4 Summary

EXERCISES

Chapter 8 Language Acquisition

8.1 First Language Acquisition（FLA）

8.1.1 The Innateness Hypothesis

8.1.2 The Logical Problem of Language Acquisition

8.1.3 Povenv of the Stimulus

8.2 Second Language Acquisition（SLA）

8 2.1 Some Basic Distinctions

8.2.2 The Study Scope in the Field of SLA

8.2.3 Contrastive Analysis and Error Analysis

8.2.3.1 Identification and Classification ofErrors

8.2.3.2 Contrastive Analysis

8.2.3.3 Error Analysis

8.2.4 The Major Hypotheses in SLA

8.2.4.1 Interlanguage Hypothesis

8.2.4 2 The Hypothesis·Testing Hypothesis

8.2.4 3 Natural Order Hypothesis

8.2.4 4 Comprehensiblel~putHypothesis

8 2.4 5 The Frequency Hypothesis

8.2.4 6 The Interaction Hypothesis

8.2.4.7 Swain's Comprehensible OutputHypothesis

8.2.4.8 The Critical Period Hypothesis

8.3 Four Conditions for Language Learning

8.4 Summary

EXERCISES

Chapter 9 Neurolinguistics

9.1 The Brain Structure and Its Lateralization

9.2 Brain Plasticity in Early Life

9.3 Language Disorder——Aphasia

9.3.1 Broca’S Aphasia

9.3.2 Wernicke’S Aphasia

9.3.3 Specific Language Impairment（SLI）

9.3.4 The Implications of the Study for the Aphasic Patients

9.4 Language Savants

9.5 Language Gene

9.6 Chomsky’S Biolinguistic Perspective

9.6.1 What Is a Biolinguistic Perspective?

9.6.2 The Nature of Language t

9.6.3 The Evolution of Language

9.6.4 Internal Thought.Externalization and Communication

9.7 Summary

EXERCISES

Suggested Answers

Bibliography

GIossary and Index

《博雅教育：语言学/全国英语专业博雅系列教材》为英语专业本科生使用的专业教材，对现代语言学的基本情况做全面的展示。《博雅教育：语言学/全国英语专业博雅系列教材》与我国流行的一些功能主义的语言学观点不同，侧重介绍乔姆斯基的心理语言学内容。作为语言学的重大分支，这些语言学知识对学生深入了解语言现象具有很好的启发意义。