包装科学与技术基础

UNIT 1 Perspective on Packaging Engineering1

Section A Development of the Packaging1

A.1 Packaging Conception1

A.2 Primitive Packaging1

A.3 Modern Packaging2

A.4 Modern Packaging Industry3

A.5 Development of Packaging in Modern China5

Section B Packaging Function and Classification5

B.1 Definitions of Different Packaging Levels5

B.2 Contain Function6

B.3 Protect/Preserve Function7

B.4 Transport Function8

B.5 Inform/Sell Function8

B.6 New Function9

Section C Packaging Organizations and Associations10

C.1 World Packaging Organization10

C.2 China Packaging Federation11

C.3 Other Packaging Associations12

Section D Packaging Engineering Education12

D.1 Strong Need for Packaging Engineers12

D.2 Responsibilities for the Packaging Engineer13

D.3 Foreign Packaging Education14

UNIT 2 Packaging Materials and Containers16Section APaper and Paperboard16

A.1 Introduction16

A.2 Machine Direction and Cross Direction17

A.3 Paper Characteristics18

A.4 Paper Types20

A.5 Paperboard Cartons22

Section B Corrugated Fiberboard Boxes24

B.1 Introduction24

B.2 Corrugated Board25

B.3 Properties and Tests30

B.4 Corrugated Boxes31

Section C Metal Materials and Containers35

C.1 Metal Material35

C.2 Metal Can38

Section D Plastics in Packaging42

Section E Other Materials in Packaging44

E.1 Wood in Packaging44

E.2 Glass in Packaging45

UNIT 3 Packaging Technology48

Section A Modified Atmosphere Packaging48

A.1 Vacuum Packaging48

A.2 Modified Atmosphere Packaging49

Section B Shrink and Stretch Packaging51

B.1 Shrink Packaging51

B.2 Stretch Packaging52

B.3 Plastics used for Shrink/Stretch Wrapping53

B.4 Comparison of Shrink Wrapping and Stretch Wrapping54

Section C Intelligent Packaging55

C.1 The Concept of Intelligent Packaging55

C.2 Factors that will Aid the Growth of Intelligent Packaging56

C.3 Quality Assurance Using Intelligent Labels56

C.4 SelfHeating and SelfChilling Packaging56

C.5 Thermochromic Labeling56

C.6 Intelligent TamperProof Packaging57

C.7 Possible Concerns over Intelligent Packaging57

C.8 The Areas those will Benefit from Intelligent Packaging First57

C.9 Prospects of Intelligent Packaging58

Section D AntiCounterfeiting Packaging59

D.1 Types of AntiCounterfeiting Technology59

D.2 Packaging Marking AntiCounterfeiting59

D.3 Security Printing Technology61

D.4 Special Process and Special Material AntiCounterfeiting63

D.5 Special Packing Structure AntiCounterfeiting63

D.6 Radio Frequency Identification AntiCounterfeiting63

Section E Design in Thermoformed Packaging64

E.1 Design Considerations64

E.2 Design Options65

E.3 Material Selection67

E.4 Getting StartedSelecting a Mold Design67

E.5 Tooling68

Section F MedicalDevice Packaging68

F.1 Tray Chic68

F.2 Throwaway Line69

F.3 Source Reduction69

F.4 Sterilization is Often a Material Issue70

UNIT 4 Packaging Equipment72

Section A Packaging Machinery in Common Use72

A.1 Automatic Adhesive Sealer and Automatic Tape Sealer72

A.2 Stitcher and Stapler72

A.3 Overwrapping Machine73

A.4 Labeling Machine73

A.5 Strapper and Palletizer74

Section B The Packaging Line75

B.1 The Packaging Line75

B.2 Line Organization76

B.3 Packaging Materials77

B.4 Machine Capabilities77

B.5 Line Balancing78

B.6 Material and Container Characteristics78

B.7 Personnel79

Section C Methods and Equipment for Making Polymer Containers and Packagings79

C.1 Method of Casting (injection) Molding of Thermoplasts80

C.2 Method of ExtrusionBlow Molding of Polymer Containers and Packagings81

C.3 InjectionBlow Molding Method83

C.4 Method of Pneumatic and Vacuum Molding of Polymer Articles84

C.5 Thermo mechanical Molding Method85

Section D Origamibased Robotic Paperandboard Packaging for Food Industry87

D.1 Multicell Operation and Reconfiguration89

D.2 Motion Analysis90

D.3 Robotic Tooling for Reconfigurable Packaging91

D.4 Cooperative Packaging92

Section E Automatic Folding of Cartons Using a Reconfigurable Robotic System94

E.1 Carton Equivalent Mechanisms and Folding94

E.2 Simulation of Automatically Folding Carton Trays with Gusset Corners97

E.3 Reconfigurability Demonstrated in Simulation and Experiments101

UNIT 5Package Printing105

Section A Printing Methods105

A.1 Introduction105

A.2 Printing Methods105

A.3 Relief Printing107

A.4 Lithography111

A.5 Gravure printing112

A.6 Comparing Flexography，Lithography and Gravure114

Section B Package Decoration Techniques114

B.1 Stencil or Screen Printing115

B.2 Reflective Metallics115

B.3 HeatTransfer and HotStamp Printing116

B.4 Pad Printing116

B.5 Embossing117

B.6 Other Decorating and Marking Methods117

B.7 Printing Inks118

B.8 Digital Printing119

Section C Printing Equipment120

C.1 Introduction to Modern Lithographic Offset Press120

C.2 The Gravure Press123

C.3 Wideweb Flexographic Printing Presses126

Section D Development Trends of Package Printing130

D.1 Graphics Grow Up130

D.2 Flexible Packaging131

D.3 Coding and Marking131

D.4 The Outer Packaging Printing132

UNIT 6 Distribution Packaging134

Section A Introduction134

A.1 History and Development of Distribution Packaging in China134

A.2 Function and Requirements of Distribution Packaging135

A.3 Research Contents of Distribution Packaging135

Section B The Distribution Packaging Design Process136

B.1 Taking a Total System Approach to Package Design136

B.2 The 10Step Process of Distribution Packaging Design139

B.3 A Final Check and Checklist141

Section C Shock，Vibration and Cushion Packaging Design142

C.1 Shock143

C.2 Vibration146

C.3 Method of Cushion Package Design148

Section D Marking of Distribution Packaging160

UNIT 7 Packaging Standards and Regulations163

Section A Packaging Organizations163

A.1 International Organization for Standardization（ISO）163

A.2 Food and Drug Administration（FDA）163

A.3 ASTM International164

A.4 International Safe Transit Association（ISTA）164

A.5 American National Standards Institute（ANSI）165

Section B Packaging Standards and Regulations165

B.1 ISO Series165

B.2 ISTA Series166

B.3 Other Series167

Section C Use of Life Cycle Assessment（LCA）in the Field of Packaging Waste Management168

C.1 Introduction168

C.2 Life Cycle Inventory168

C.3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment169

C.4 Application of LCA to sustainable Products and Packaging170

C.5 Application of LCA to Sustainable Integrated Solid Waste Management170

C.6 Use of LCA for Public Policy Making171

C.7 Use of LCA to Establish Hierarchy for Packaging Waste Management172

C.8 Conclusions173

UNIT 8 Computer Aided Packaging Design and Packaging Development Process174

Section A Computer Aided Packaging Design174

A.1 Perspective to Computer Aided Packaging Design174

A.2 ArtiosCAD Module Descriptions178

A.3 ArtiosCADConventions185

A.4 Esko ArtiosCAD’s Practices190

Section B The Whole Packaging Development Process198

Appendix 1 GB Packaging Standards and Regulations205

Appendix 2 Glossary of Packaging Terms 207

Appendix 3 Packaging Organizations and Associations214

Appendix 4 Foreign University Providing Packaging Education216

References217

《包装科学与技术基础（双语教学用）/“十二五”普通高等教育本科规划教材·包装工程专业系列教材》共分八个单元，涵盖以下方面的内容：包装工程总论、包装材料和包装容器、包装技术、包装机械设备、印刷机械、运输包装、包装标准与法规、及包装开发过程等。《包装科学与技术基础（双语教学用）/“十二五”普通高等教育本科规划教材·包装工程专业系列教材》力求反映以上内容的学科前沿知识。
　　《包装科学与技术基础（双语教学用）/“十二五”普通高等教育本科规划教材·包装工程专业系列教材》内容与包装工程专业课程，如包装机械设计、包装材料学、包装设备、印刷设备等课程衔接紧密。
　　《包装科学与技术基础（双语教学用）/“十二五”普通高等教育本科规划教材·包装工程专业系列教材》一些实例反映英国等发达国家的包装工业的发展及包装工程教育的发展。
　　为了便于阅读，《包装科学与技术基础（双语教学用）/“十二五”普通高等教育本科规划教材·包装工程专业系列教材》对关键术语标注中文。