Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing.At first the ❹artists of the Renaissance only had a single­point perspective.Later they ❺realized that they could have two­point perspective and still later multi­point perspective.

　　With ❻two­point perspective they could turn an ❼object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it.The technique of perspective which seems so ❽natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the "grammar of painting"．Like all bits of grammar there are ❾exceptions about perspective.For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level.Sloping roof tops don't ❿meet on eye level.

课下作业（二） 高考语篇提能练

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　Renaissance is a French word. It means "rebirth"．It's a strange name for a period of history. What was it that was "reborn" during the Renaissance?

　　To answer this question, we need to look back at the time of the Roman Empire. At this time Roman artists, scientists and writers influenced by Greek ideas were the world's most advanced. They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them, and had become experts in studying animals, plants, the human body or the stars and planets. They wrote down their ideas about what they saw, and based their theories about the world on their observations.

　　During the fourth and fifth centuries the Roman Empire slowly broke down. Many of the Romans' art and sculptures were destroyed and some manuscripts (原稿) were lost as well. But most importantly, some of the ancient attitudes were lost. A questioning approach to the world was replaced by an unquestioning one.

　　Why did this happen? One reason was to do with the influence of the Christian Church. Through the thousand years following the fall of the Roman Empire, the Church controlled many aspects of life including education and learning. The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly, not to introduce new ones. The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books, rather than the world around them.

　　Take medicine for example. The main textbook for doctors had been written by a Greek doctor called Galen more than a thousand years earlier. But when Roger Bacon, a thirteenth­century priest (牧师), said that a new approach to medicine was needed - doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen - the Church put him in prison

By the time of the fourteenth century, however, some parts of the Christian Church were becoming less strict about their ideas and there was a new state of mind among artists, doctors and scientists. People wanted to find out more about the world by studying it. This attitude of investigation had been common in classical scholars, and it was "reborn" during the