3) up to and beyond; past (超过和在前面，超出)。

Ｗe drove by the house.

4）in the period of; during (在……期间；在……中间) sleeping by day, travel by night 昼伏夜行

５) not later than （不迟于）

by 5:30 p.m. 不迟于下午５：３０

６) in the amount of (以……计的)

letters by the thousands 数以千极的信件。

７) to the extent of (达到……程度)

shorten by two inches. 短了两英寸