①One of the earliest known female scientists was a physician known as Trotula of Salerno.Known for teaching men about women's health，the books she wrote were used by physicians for hundreds of years，the most notable of which was The Diseases of Women.Trotula suggested that in addition to women，men suffered from fertility(生育能力) issues，a theory that at the time，was considered controversial.She also promoted the use of opiates(麻醉剂) during childbirth to reduce the pain of labor，an idea that went against the church's belief that women should suffer the pain of childbirth without medication.Trotula was an important figure in the understanding of women's health.