4．表让步，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Exhausted by the running，they went on running after the robber. ＝Although they were exhausted by the running，they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个盗贼。