2. The adverbial clauses with –ing can be used to indicate time, cause, condition, result, etc. These sentences can be changed into subordinate clauses or juxtapositional sentences.

Exercises: 把下列句子变成复合句或并列句.

1 Walking along the street, he met his old friend. 2 Not having received his reply, she decided to write a second letter. 3 Seeing from the top of the hill, you will find the city more beautiful. 4 All the students sat in the classroom, waiting for their new English teacher. 5 My parents went to the park yesterday, leaving me alone at home.