most people have a good command of it, in addition to being native speakers of the local dialect. The choice of dialect varies(变化) based on the social situation. Standard Chinese is usually considered more formal and is required when speaking to a person who does not understand the local dialect. The local dialect is generally considered more intimate so it is used among close family members and friends and in everyday conversation within the local area. Parents will generally speak to their children in dialect, and the relationship between dialect and Mandarin(普通话) seems to be mostly stable. Local languages give a sense of identity to local cultures.

　　Knowing the local dialect is of great social benefit, and most Chinese who settled down a new area will try to pick up the local dialect. Learning a new dialect is usually done informally through a process of immersion(沉浸) and recognizing sound shifts. Generally the differences are more pronounced lexically(词汇)than grammatically. Usually, a speaker of one dialect of Chinese will need about a year of immersion to understand the local dialect and about three to five years to become fluent in speaking it. Because of the variety of dialects spoken, there are usually few formal methods for learning a local dialect.

　　Due to the variety in Chinese speech, Mandarin speakers from each area of China are very often likely to "translate" words from their local language into their Mandarin conversations. In addition, each area of China has its recognizable accents while speaking Mandarin. Generally, the nationalized standard form of Mandarin pronunciation is only heard on news and radio broadcasts. Even in the streets of Beijing, the accent of Mandarin varies in pronunciation from the Mandarin heard on the media.

　　文章大意：本文主要讲述在日常生活中，中国人既讲普通话也讲当地方言。方言被认为更亲切，常在亲朋好友之间使用，因此到达一个新地方的人们常会努力学习当地方言，方言的学习没有正式的方式，是在一个语言的沉浸和声音的转换过程中学会的。标准的中国普通话仅在新闻和广播中使用。

　　1．What can we learn from the text？__D__

　　A．Most people in Hong Kong can speak standard Chinese.

　　B．You will spend a year to become fluent in speaking a local dialect.

　　C．People in Beijing speak nationalized standard form of Mandarin.

　　D．Most people in Fujian can not only speak local dialect but also standard Chinese.

　　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，在中国南方，受过良好教育的人一般既会讲流利的普通话，也精通当地方言，福建是南方的省份。故选D。根据第一段第一句，香港人并不是普通话和当地方言都会讲，故A项错误；根据第二段倒数第二句可知，学会流利地讲方言需要3到5年，故B项错误；根据最后一段最后一句可知，甚至在北京街头，普通话的发音也与媒体中使用的不一样。故C项错误。

　　2．In what kind of situation do Chinese speak local dialect？__D__

A．When they stay with well－educated Chinese.