In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?

　　Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?

　　From the governments' point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.

1.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that　　　.

　　A.the weight of e-goods is rather small

　　B.e-waste deserves to be made good use of

　　C.natural minerals contain more precious metals

　　D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste

2. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended　　　.

　　A.from producers to governments

　　B.from governments to producers

　　C.from individuals to distributors

　　D.from distributors to governments

3.What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　A.The increase in e-waste. B.The creation of e-waste.

　　C.The seriousness of e-waste. D.The management of e-waste.

　　However wealthy we may be,we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want.Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost,which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.

Every hour of our time has a value.For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another,or be sleeping or watching a film.Each of these options has a different opportunity cost-namely,what they cost us in missed opportunities.