consumption and heart health. However, the authors stress that further studies are needed to test whether chocolate actually causes this reduction or if it can be explained by some other unmeasured factor.

　　The World Health Organization predicts that by 2030, nearly 23.6 million people will die from heart disease. However, lifestyle and diet are key factors in preventing heart disease, says the paper. A number of recent studies have shown that eating chocolate has a positive influence on human health, which includes reducing blood pressure and improving insulin sensitivity.

　　However, the evidence about how eating chocolate affects your heart still remains unclear. So, Dr Oscar Franco and colleagues from the University of Cambridge carried out a large scale review of the existing evidence to evaluate the effects of eating chocolate on cardiovascular(心血管)events like heart attack and stroke.

　　They analyzed the results of seven studies, involving over 100,000 participants with and without existing heart disease. For each study, they compared the group with the highest chocolate consumption against the group with the lowest consumption.

　　Five studies reported a beneficial link between higher levels of chocolate consumption and the risk of cardiovascular events. They found that the "highest levels of chocolate consumption were associated with a 37% reduction in cardiovascular disease and a 29% reduction in stroke compared with lowest levels." No significant reduction was found in relation to heart failure.

　　The authors say the findings need to be interpreted with caution, in particular because commercially available chocolate is very calorific (around 500 calories for every 100 grams) and eating too much of it could lead to weight gain, risk of diabetes and heart disease.

　　However, they conclude that given the health benefits of eating chocolate, initiatives to reduce the current fat and sugar content in most chocolate products should be explored.

28. Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?

A. There used to be studies about the beneficial link between chocolate consumption and heart health.

B. Millions of people will die from heart disease by 2030 according to the WHO

C. There are still other factors that may reduce the risk of heart disease.

D. There is clear evidence about how eating chocolate affects your heart.

29. What are the possible causes of heart disease?

A. Unhealthy diet. B. Eating chocolate.

C. Exercising regularly. D. Drinking coffee.

30. What's the authors' attitude towards the findings?

　A. Doubtful B. Cautious C. Disapproving D. Negative

31. If the author will go on writing, what is likely to be talked about?

A. We should eat less chocolate.

B. Chocolate benefits our health.

C. The ways to reduce the sugar and fat content in chocolate products.

D. When to eat chocolate is better for our health.

　　　D

　　How many times do you check your Facebook page in a day to see whether your latest post has got another "like" or "thumbs（拇指） up"?

Although you might be embarrassed to admit how many times you do this, don't worry-psychological findings have shown it's completely normal. In fact, the pleasure we derive from receiving a "like" is equal to that of eating chocolate or winning money, and we can't help wanting more. According to the findings, which observed 32 teens aged between 13 and 18, the feedback circuit （反馈回路）in the teens' brains is particularly sensitive, and the "social" and "visual" parts of their brains were active when they received "likes" on the social network. The research also showed that though the thumbs up might come from complete strangers, the good they derive from them worked all the same.

So, does it mean we should try our best to win as many thumbs up as possible? Not necessarily so if we know the reasons behind our desire for attention. In "why do people long for attention" by M．Farouk Radwan, he explained several cases in which people naturally longed for attention. Radwan said people who were an only child, who were used to being the center of attention in their house, may try to copy these conditions. Feeling "overlooked and unappreciated" might also lead you to long for attention. Other times, the state of being jealous, or wanting to cover your mistakes may also contribute to such longings. In fact, too much desire for attention can create anxiety, and in turn ruin your happiness even when you get it. So what can we do about it? The answer is quite simple. "If people could adopt goals not focused on their own self-esteem（自尊）but on something larger than their self, such as what they can create or contribute to others, they would be less sensitive to some of the negative effects of pursuing self-esteem," wrote psychology professor Jennifer Crocker.

So perhaps the answer to our addiction to "likes" is simply to focus on something larger than ourselves-a hard, but a worthy one．

32. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. The thumbs up from complete strangers don't work.

B. Desire for attention can definitely create anxiety.