Ireland. Often a suffix (后缀) or prefix was added to indicate the relationship of the individual with the person after whom the individual was named. For example, the suffix "son" means "son of"， and the prefix "O'" means grandson and "Mac" or "Mc" means "son of"．

　　Your first name is one of the most important gifts your parents gave you. Most first names have a meaning. The most popular girls' name in 2004 in the US was Emily, which in Latin means "rival". So take some time and do research on your name - you might be surprised.

　　语篇解读：名字将我们与其他人区别开来，是我们身份的一个重要组成部分。名字由名和姓两部分组成，本文主要介绍了姓的由来。

　　7．We can know from the first paragraph that ________.

　　A．name is a big part of our identity

　　B．last names began to be used in 1066

　　C．Jews often name their babies after their close friends.

　　D．our ancestors' ethnic background determines our last name absolutely

　　解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，名字是别人了解我们和将我们与他人区别开来的重要渠道，因而名字是我们的身份中很重要的一部分。

　　8．George Hill, a Scottish man, most probably acquired his last name due to his ________.

　　A．profession B．locality

　　C．nickname D．first name

　　解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段第三句可知，一些人的姓氏来源于他们居住的地区或居住地的地貌(由第二段可知包括苏格兰人)。此人的姓氏为Hill(小山)，因此他的姓最可能来源于他所居住的地区(locality)。

　　9．In the past, Donald Brown, a British, most probably gave his newly­born son a last name like ________.

　　A．MacBrown B．O'Donald

　　C．Brownson D．MacDonald

　　解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，在英国和爱尔兰的历史上，源于名的姓也是很常见的。在名上加后缀son或前缀Mac或Mc意为某人的儿子；而在名前加O'意为某人的孙子。由此可推知，此人的儿子的姓可能为Donaldson, MacDonald或McDonald。

　　10．The passage is mainly developed by ________.

　　A．comparing different views

　　B．giving examples

C．analyzing many details