information as quickly as it's given, they passively transcribe (逐字打出来) lectures without thinking about their meanings.

　　Perhaps because it remains so popular, many tips and technologies optimize digital note-taking. For example, apps like Evernote, FreeNote, and OneNote have been available for years. They keep notes organized and even allow students to include pictures. Experts also suggest using a stylus, which allows for extra speed while still committing notes to memory, a compromise between digital and handwritten notes. Apps like Noteshelf easily accommodate stylus users. And apps like ePaper allow students to customize (订制) their notes' appearances (which could have made color-coding much easier for me, back in the day).

　　This research by Princeton and UCLA does not suggest that students should never use the keyboard to take notes. Rather, it warns against transcribing lectures rather than closely listening.This, they say, is what causes digital notes to slip through the cracks of students' brains.

　　So, pens or keyboards? It isn't clear. Technology can hurt students taking notes as much as it can help. But if apps and keyboards are used properly, not as a replacement for active thought but as an aid to it, the possibilities for note-taking are endless.

3.In the experiment, compared to laptop users, students who handwrote 　　　.

A.memorized fewer basic facts

B.took more notes in a limited time

C.showed a better understanding of ideas

D.performed worse when tested immediately

4.What is the main problem of typing notes?

A.It affects active thinking.

B.It makes sharing difficult.

C.It needs much preparation time.

D.It is bad for customizing notes' appearance.

5.The underlined word "This" in the last but one paragraph refers to "　　　".

A.using keyboards to take notes

B.typing lectures out mechanically

C.paying less attention to the lectures

D.digital notes slipping through students' brains easily