was performed.For example，not letting a child help in washing dishes because he behaved well at a family gathering is a form of negative reinforcement. Punishment is something we all can relate to.Yes，it is just what it means. However，when put in words，punishment refers to subjecting(使服从于) an individual to a negative condition because of an inappropriate behavior.

　　The behavior modification techniques for children are mostly based on positive and negative reinforcement. However，parents should realize that these techniques can't be relied upon totally for child behavior modification. Though the behavior modification techniques lead to quick results，a parent should continuously try to cultivate(培养) in his child the ability to appreciate the reason why such behavior is expected of him. This can be done through effective communication and greater focus on the parent­child relationship. As a parent，don't make the reward a monetary one.Try to make it look more like a privilege than a reward. A parent should also be consistent with his technique and apply it whenever there is a chance so that the child gets a clear idea of what is expected and what is not.

　　Although we talk so much about the role of a parent in bringing positive behavior modification to children，both parents and teachers have equally important roles to play. Teachers play their role through preventive classroom management，teaching skills for solving social problems like alternative thinking，and continuous monitoring of a child's behavior. It is true that there are various behavior modification techniques available for encouraging proper behavior in children.However，there is nothing that can take the place of proper parenting and an affectionate(慈爱的) environment.

Techniques for Modifying Behavior

1. of BM Establishing various appropriate behaviors and discouraging undesirable ones，aiming to correct and instill proper behavior in individuals. Types of BM techniques •Positive reinforcement：Reinforcing a 2. behavior by means of rewarding it.

•Negative reinforcement：3. a negative consequence or a behavior.

•Punishment：Subjecting an individual to a negative condition 4. to an improper behavior. BM techniques

for children •For parents：Realizing these techniques are helpful in leading to quick results，but they are not totally 5. .

　Effective ways

•Communicating 6. with children and focusing more on the parent­child relationship.

•Making the reward more of a privilege rather than a reward.

•Remembering to 7. to the same technique and apply it whenever there is a chance.

BM techniques

for children

•For teachers：Realizing both parents and teachers have equally important roles.

　Effective ways

•Playing their role through classroom management designed for the 8. of potential problems.

•Teaching 9. skills needed in our society.

•Monitoring children's behavior continuously.